APUSH Chapter 24 Terms

29 August 2022
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WPA (Works Progress Administration)
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(renamed during 1939 as the Works Project Administration; WPA) was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects.
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Wagner Act
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is a 1935 United States federal law that limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions (also known as trade unions), engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. The Act does not apply to workers who are covered by the Railway Labor Act, agricultural employees, domestic employees, supervisors, federal, state or local government workers, independent contractors and some close relatives of individual employers.
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Bull market
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an associated increase with investor confidence and a increase in investing in anticipation of future price increases.
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Black Tuesday
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also known as the day the Stock Market crashed. The Stock Market crashed on October 24th, 1929.
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Andrew Mellon
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was an American banker, industrialist, philanthropist, art collector andSecretary of the Treasury from March 4, 1921 until February 12, 1932.
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Stock Market Crash
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sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market, resulting in a significant loss of paper wealth.
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Great Depression
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was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.
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Herbert Hoover
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was the 31st President of the United States (1929-33). Hoover was originally a professional mining engineer and author.
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Election of 1932
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took place in the midst of the Great Depression that had ruined the promises of President Herbert Hoover to bring about a new era of prosperity. Economics was dominant, and the sort of cultural issues that had dominated previous elections - such as Catholicism in 1928 and the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) in 1924 - were dormant. Prohibition was a favorite Democratic target, as few Republicans tried to defend it. There was a mounting demand to end prohibition and bring back beer, liquor, and the resulting tax revenues. The Democratic nomination went to the well known governor of the largest state, New York's Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR).
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Bonus Army
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was the popular name of an assemblage of some 43,000 marchers—17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who gathered in Washington, D.C., in the spring and summer of 1932 to demand immediate cash-payment redemption of their service certificates.
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Douglas MacArthur
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was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II.
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FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
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was the 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades.
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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FDR's wife, the first first lady, supported the New Deal policies of her husband, distant cousin Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and became an advocate for civil rights. After her husband's death in 1945, Roosevelt continued to be an international author, speaker, politician, and activist for the New Deal coalition. She worked to enhance the status of working women, although she opposed the Equal Rights Amendment because she believed it would adversely affect women.
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Fireside Chats
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were a series of thirty evening radio addresses given by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.
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Emergency Banking Act
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was an act of the United States Congress spearheaded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. It was passed on March 9, 1933. This act allows only Federal Reserve-approved banks to operate in the United States of America.
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Hundred Days (first hundred days)
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Roosevelt responded with a remarkable series of new programs in the "first hundred days" of the administration, in which he met with Congress for 100 days. During those 100 days of lawmaking, Congress granted every request Roosevelt asked, and passed a few programs (such as the FDIC to insure bank accounts) that he opposed. Ever since, presidents have been judged against FDR for what they accomplished in their first 100 days.
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families, ages 17-23. A part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state and local governments.
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (Triple A)
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(Pub.L. 73-10, 48 Stat. 31, enacted May 12, 1933) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which restricted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land (that is, to let a portion of their fields lie fallow) and to kill off excess livestock. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops. The money for these subsidies was generated through an exclusive tax on companies which processed farm products. The Act created a new agency, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, to oversee the distribution of the subsidies. It is considered the first modern U.S. farm bill
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression. The enterprise was a result of the efforts of Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska. TVA was envisioned not only as a provider, but also as a regional economic development agency that would use federal experts and electricity to rapidly modernize the region's economy and society.
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Public Works Administration (PWA)
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part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act in June 1933 in response to the Great Depression. It built large-scale public works such as dams, bridges, warships, hospitals and schools. Its goals were to spend $3.3 billion in the first year, and $6 billion in all, to provide employment, stabilize purchasing power, and help revive the economy. Most of the spending came in two waves in 1933-35, and again in 1938. Originally called the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, it was renamed the Public Works Administration in 1939 and shut down in 1943.
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Alpreposterous
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What the crap. We couldn't find it.
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Francis Townsend
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was an American physician who was best known for his revolving old-age pension porposal during the great depression.
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Huey Long (Kingfish)
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served as the 40th Governor of Louisiana from 1928-1932 and as a U.S. Senator from 1932 to 1935. A Democrat, he was noted for his radical populist policies. Though a backer of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election, Long split with Roosevelt in June 1933 and planned to mount his own presidential bid for 1936.
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Social Security Act
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was drafted during Roosevelts first term by the Presidents Committee on economic securwhich
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National Labor Relations Act
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limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions.
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John Maynard Keynes
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as a British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics, as well as the economic policies of governments. He greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and advocated the use of fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions and depressions. His ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, as well as its various offshoots.
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John L. Lewis
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was the 16th mayor of New Orleans.
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CIO
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Congress of Industrial Organizations, a former United States trade union federation (also known as the Committee of Industrial Organization) that merged with the American Federation of Labor to form the AFL-CIO in 1955.
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Frances Perkins
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U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman appointed to the U.S. Cabinet.
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Memorial Day Massacre
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Chicago Police Department shot and killed ten unarmed demonstrators in Chicago, on May 30, 1937. The incident took place during the "Little Steel Strike" in the United States.
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Election of 1936
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The United States presidential election of 1936 was the most lopsided presidential election in the history of the United States in terms of electoral votes. In terms of the popular vote, it was the third biggest victory since the election of 1820, which was not seriously contested. The election took place as the Great Depression entered its eighth year. Incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt was still working to push the provisions of his New Deal economic policy through Congress and the courts. However, the New Deal policies he had already enacted, such as Social Security and unemployment benefits, had proven to be highly popular with most Americans. Roosevelt's Republican opponent was Governor Alf Landon of Kansas, a political moderate.
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New Deal
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The New Deal was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform. That is, Relief for the unemployed and poor; Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
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Dust Bowl
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or the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936 (in some areas until 1940). The phenomenon was caused by severe drought coupled with decades of extensive farming without crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops or other techniques to prevent wind erosion.] Deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains had displaced the natural deep-rooted grasses that normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture even during periods of drought and high winds.
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Okies
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a term dating back to the 1907, referring to people from Oklahoma.
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Soil Conservation Service
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The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), formerly known as the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) that provides technical assistance to farmers and other private landowners and managers. Its mission is to improve, protect, and conserve natural resources on private lands through a cooperative partnership with local and state agencies.
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Bureau of Reclamation
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oversees water resource management, specifically as it applies to the oversight and/or operation of numerous diversion, delivery, and storage projects it built throughout the western United States for irrigation, water supply, and attendant hydroelectric power generation
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Bolder Dam
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also known as hoover dam. get hydroelectric power and gives it to citys around Nevada and Arizona.
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Grand Coulee Dam
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gravity dam on the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington built to produce hydroelectric power and provide irrigation. It is the largest electric power-producing facility in the United States and one of the largest concrete structures in the world.
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John Steinbeck
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John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 - December 20, 1968) was an American writer. He is widely known for the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and East of Eden (1952) and the novella Of Mice and Men (1937). He was an author of twenty-seven books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books and five collections of short stories; Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962.
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American Communist Party
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The Communist Party USA (CPUSA) is a Marxist political party in the United States, established in 1919. It has a long, complex history that is closely related to the histories of similar communist parties worldwide and the U.S. labor movement.
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Walt Disney
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the world creator, along with his brother Roy Disney, of The Walt Disney Company. Known for their style of animation and their theme parks.Their most famous cartoon is Micky Mouse.
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Frank Capra
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a Sicilian-born American film director that had the perfect rags-to-riches story. He became the creative force behind some of the major award-winning films during The Depression. He won 3 Oscars for Best Director for films such as: It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes To Town, & You Can't Take It With You.
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Radio
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Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies significantly below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space.
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Duke Ellington
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Edward Kennedy, was an American composer, big band leader, and pianist, He wrote over 1000 compositions.
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Court-packing
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The Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 (frequently called the "court-packing plan") was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court. Roosevelt's purpose was to obtain favorable rulings regarding New Deal legislation that had been previously ruled unconstitutional. The central and most controversial provision of the bill would have granted the President power to appoint an additional Justice to the U.S. Supreme Court, up to a maximum of six, for every sitting member over the age of 70 years and 6 months.
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Black cabinet
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first known as the federal council of negro affairs, an informal group of African American public policy advisors, to the U.S. President