APUSH 9.4 & 9.5

white middle-class youths, called hippies. New Left, against Vietnam War, turned back on America becasue they believed in a society based on peace and love. rock'n'roll, colorful clothes, and the use of drugs, lived in large groups. lived in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbuy district becasue of the avalibility of drugs

Nonconformist's in th 1950's in Greenwhich Village Area of NYC. Led by poeple such as writer Jack Kerouac and poet Allen Ginsberg, they believed and encouraged individuality in an age of conformity. Used drugs, wrote poetry, and rebelled: formed mold from which hippies would come.

believed in anti-materalism, free use of drugs, they had a casual attitude toward sex and anti-conformity, (1960s) practiced free love and took drugs, flocked to San Francisco- low rent/interracial, they lived in communal "crash pads", smoked marijuana and took LSD, sexual revolution, new counter culture, Protestors who influenced US involvement in Vietnam

Youth International Party; anarchist party headed by Abbie Hoffman that opposed the Vietnam War & conformity; poured bags of dollars onto the New York Stock Exchange and carried pictures of LBJ upside down

Founded in 1962, the SDS was a popular college student organization that protested shortcomings in American life, notably racial injustice and the Vietnam War. It led thousands of campus protests before it split apart at the end of the 1960s.

The manifesto of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). It voiced the groups feelings on issues such as racism, nuclear proliferation and the lack of a nation in which "all men are created equal."

a form of education protest at universities. The practice began in 1965 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, when professors and students analyzed US foreign policy and debated with each other and- only in the earlier years of the war- with govt representatives

Coalition of younger members of the Democratic party and radical student groups. Believed in participatory democracy, free speech, civil rights and racial brotherhood, and opposed the war in Vietnam.

college where students protested handling of access for local residents to a new gym facility; student protest in 1968 b/c school was building a new athletic center in harlem and displacing poorer residents, students seized control of president's office and refused to attend classes

Students used this place for speech making and political organizing. The events that took place here marked the beginning of the Free Speech movement.

-Lead singer of Big Brother and The Holding Company -Did solo work -Died in the 70's of a drug overdose

A twentieth-century American musician known for his highly amplified, innovative work on the electric guitar with his most famous group, 'The ___ ___ Experience'. Despite his death at the age of twenty-seven, he greatly influenced the changing world of rock 'n' roll, and was known for lighting his Fender Stratocaster on fire, as well as his amazing rendition of 'The Star Spangled Banner' on electric guitar, which was performed at the famous Woodstock festival.

Many people in the 60/70s had interesting social society ideas. Many did drugs. Somewhat based on the 50's Beats, the "hippies" were disgusting with their causal sex and drug use. In late 60s, 50%+ of college students had tried pot, others did things like LSD. Rock + Roll was a part of drug culture too. Hippies grew long hair and wore funky clothing to separate themselves from the rest of society.

Haven for young people (hippies) seeking an alternative to the straight world in 1965. Was located in San Francisco

3 day rock concert in upstate N.Y. August 1969, exemplified the counterculture of the late 1960s, nearly 1/2M gather in a 600 acre field; very peaceful

former Harvard psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use as a way to open and expand the mind.

this was held in a hotel in Chicago where delegates voted down a peace resolution and seemed ready to nominate John's former vice, Hubert Humphrey, when protesters gathered for a rally outside because of policy towards Vietnam War. Police beat/arrested them to break up the crowd as the violence was caught on film. The Democrats still elected Humphrey

lead protesters at Chicago Democratic nominating convention (nominate pig for president); co-founder of yippies

1950, LA: A society formed by a few ex-communist that sought to create a separate gay community and affect political policy. Struggles fractured the structure and changed the main goals of the organization

refers to the summer of 1967 when as many as 100,000 people converged on the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of SF creating a phenomenon of cultural and political rebellion; SF was the center of the hippie revolution and became a defining moment in the 1960s as the hippie counterculture movement came into public awareness (also, social experimentation in methods of living—communal living, sharking, free love)

In 1946, war broke out between communist insurgents in North Vietnam, called the Viet Minh, and the French Colonial government. In the spring of 1954, the Viet Minh surrounded and destroyed the primary French fortress in North Vietnam at Dien Bien Phu. The defeat was so disastrous for the French that they decided to withdraw from Vietnam.

a 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956

line on the map that divided Vietnam; north of this latitude was communism, south of it was anti communism

American ally in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1963; his repressive regime caused the Communist Viet Cong to thrive in the South and required increasing American military aid to stop a Communist takeover. he was killed in a coup in 1963.

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable

an organization of Vietnamese Communists and other nationalist groups that between 1946 and 1954 fought for Vietnamese independence from the French

A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia.

Name given by Diem regime to Communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam; reorganized with northern Vietnamese assistance as the National Liberation Front in 1958.

a strategy of gradually intensified bombing of North Vietnam, began in February 1965. Less than a month later, Johnson ordered the first US combat troops to South Vietnam, and in July he shifted US troops from defensive to offensive operations, dispatching 50,000 more soldiers.

This was the gap between the people and the government that grew as the people became disillusioned with the Vietnam war and Watergate.

1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment

The American Secretary of State during the Vietnam War, dispatched tens of thousands of U.S. soldiers to fight in Vietnam.

was an American General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968 and who served as US Army Chief of Staff from 1968 to 1972.

President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

Protest on Pentagon to ask government to extract US soldiers in Vietnam. Many got arrested.

as the election of 1972 approached, the Nixon administration changed their plans, they stopped insisting on removal of North Vietnamese troops from the south, and focused more on a breakthrough in negotiations with the North Vietnamese.

In 1968 American troops massacred women and children in the Vietnamese village of My Lai; this deepened American people's disgust for the Vietnam War.

In My Lai he found traces of VC in a village but after finding no sign of VC the troops rounded up the villagers and shot them.

(RN), , a classified study of the Vietnam War that was carried out by the Department of Defense. An official of the department, Daniel Ellsberg, gave copies of the study in 1971 to the New York Times and Washington Post. The Supreme Court upheld the right of the newspapers to publish the documents. In response, President Richard Nixon ordered some members of his staff, afterward called the "plumbers," to stop such "leaks" of information. The "plumbers," among other activities, broke into the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist, looking for damaging information on him. r Defense Secretary Robert McNamara , revealed among other things that the government had drawn up plans for entering rthe war even as President Johnson promised that he would not send American troops to Viet.

US bombed Cambodia to cut north vietnamese supply on lines, resulted in the khmer rouge taking over cambodia and making into labor camps

To re-convince North Vietnam, Nixon launched a 3 week bombing on Vietnam..it worked and with Moscow's help Peace was made

Passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.