AP pysch example #72687

19 September 2023
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question
Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal neural transmission. Where does this interference take place?
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synapse
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Research on left-handedness suggests that
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genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness.
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Someone trying to add a long series of three digit numbers is probably experiencing increased brain waves and bloodflow to which brain structure?
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left hemisphere
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Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the
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synaptic gap
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A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her
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left hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
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Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to
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lapse into a coma
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An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
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depression
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Which of the following techniques would surgeons use in mapping the areas of the brain responsible for specific activities, such as movement or speech?
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positron emission tomography (PET)
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The neural system located at the border between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the
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limbic system.
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What color is the cerebellum?
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Brown
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An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the
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motor cortex
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The reticular formation is located in the
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brainstem
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What process is being shown?
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Action Potential
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When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation?
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sympathetic
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One function of the glial cells is to
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provide nutrients to interneurons
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The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the
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spinal cord
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Researchers use dichotic listening tasks to investigate right-left differences in an intact brain. In this task a different verbal stimulus is presented simultaneously to each ear. Findings suggest that participants more quickly recall information heard by the right ear. This suggests that
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the left hemisphere is dominant in language processing
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The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)
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myelin sheath
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An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ________ is linked to seizures.
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GABA
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If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of
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brain plasticity
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With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which
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am individual reflexively withdraws from a pain stimulus.
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What is the main difference between an MRI scan and an fMRI scan?
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MRI scans show structural details of the brain, fMRI scans show structure and activity levels.
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When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied,
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Wernicke's area
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Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the
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hypothalamus
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In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability to
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facially express emotions.
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An axon is
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the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.
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Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the
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synaptic gap.
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Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
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endorphins.
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The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n)
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PET scan.
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Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to
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lapse into a coma.
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An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
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depression
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Ellen volunteers during her AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers. While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds the same task almost impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements?
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cerebellum
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Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
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endorphins
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Someone trying to figure out an optical illusion is probably experiencing increased brain waves and bloodflow to which brain structure?
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right hemisphere
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A failure to recognize that one's arm or leg is part of one's self is most likely to be associated with damage to the
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right hemisphere
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The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of
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touch
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To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's
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amygdala
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Neural networks refer to
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interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system.
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A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of
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brain plasticity
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Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in
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movement of the mouth and lips
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Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following?
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aphasia
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The master gland of the endocrine system is the
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pituitary gland
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What color is the corpus callosum?
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red
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To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)
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fMRI
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French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the
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right hemisphere of her brain was damaged
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Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your
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cerebral cortex.
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While you are hiking in the mountains, a rattlesnake slithers across your trail. Which of the following triggers the
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sympathetic nervous system
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After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he began to experience unusual difficulty figuring out how to find his way to various locations in his neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his
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association areas
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Click on the Parietal Lobe
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blue part
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Which kind of psychological researcher would be most interested in the research question,
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cognitive neuroscientist
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The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called
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synapses
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The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of
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visual perception.
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Motor neurons are to the ________ nervous system as interneurons are to the ________ nervous system.
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peripheral; central
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With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which
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dendrites transmit more electrical signals to axons.
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What is the main difference between an MRI scan and an fMRI scan?
answer
MRI scans show structural details of the brain, fMRI scans show structure and activity levels.
question
When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied,
answer
Wernicke's area
question
Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the
answer
hypothalamus.
question
In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability to
answer
facially express emotions.
question
An axon is
answer
the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.
question
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the
answer
Synaptic gap
question
Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
answer
endorphins.
question
The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n)
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PET scan.
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If Professor Kosiba lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, the rat will most likely become
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less aggressive
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Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?
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parietal
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Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the
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limbic system.
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At puberty, the hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH), causing the secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland. These hormones cause the ovaries to produce estrogen and testes to produce testosterone. As the levels of these hormones rise, they shut down the release of GnRH and the gonadotropins. This example illustrates the
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feedback systems connecting the brain and endocrine systems.
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The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is
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brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex.
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A brain lesion refers to ________ of brain tissue.
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destruction
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The neural system located at the border between the brainstem and the cerebral hemispheres is known as the
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limbic system
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Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as aggression and fear?
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amygdala
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Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the
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sympathetic nervous system.
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The function of dendrites is to
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receive incoming signals from other neurons.
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The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n)
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PET scan.
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When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful high school student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of
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plasticity
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Jos
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endorphins.
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hearing; sensing movement
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seeing; hearing
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The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in
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children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed.
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The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the
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hypothalamus.
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The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain
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plasticity
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Within a single neuron the action potential
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travels in one direction toward the axon terminals.
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Recent brain research contradicts previously held beliefs, indicating that new neurons are actually formed in the brain. What is this process called?
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neurogenesis
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Deaf people who use sign language typically
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process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.
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Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce
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acetylcholine.
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The depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n)
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action potential.
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While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that
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body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space.
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We are usually least consciously aware of the processes and functions of which brain structure?
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brainstem
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Which brain structure might be most active when answering the question
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right hemisphere
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Which vocabulary word is best represented by the animated picture?
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Afferent neurons