Psychology Homework 4

Early adulthood is linked with childhood in that:

If researchers measure an individual's self-concept at ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, where are they likely to find the most self-concept stability?

A research team is conducting a longitudinal assessment of personality development, measuring each individual's personality traits at ages 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 40 years. Which of the following would most likely be found in this study?

Research studies linking early infant attachments with parents and later attachments in adult romantic relationships have suggested that:

What percentage of adults describes themselves as being securely attached?

Results from a recent study linking adults' current attachment styles with other aspects of their lives have shown that adults with insecure attachment styles tend to be:

Shelley has been dating Morgan for about a month how. Although she agreed to date him with some reluctance, she often distances herself from Morgan. She will decline to go out on a date even though she has no better plans, but will also feel lonely when the evening comes and she is not with Morgan for the evening. Shelley may be demonstrating a(n) _________ attachment style.

Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with:

Which aspect of love becomes increasingly important to the young adult?

Researchers (and regular people) have defined love in many different ways. Which of the following dimensions tend to be included in most definitions of love?

What is Erik Erikson's psychosocial crisis for the person in early adulthood?

According to Erik Erikson, if individuals do not develop intimacy, they face:

According to Erik Erikson, achievement of intimacy requires that an individual:

According to Erik Erikson, achieving intimacy means to be able to:

Angelina is having some difficulty with her boyfriend. She wants to maintain a close and supportive relationship, but at times she feels smothered by the relationship. Angelina is:

According to the author of your text, relationships in early adulthood strive to balance:

Relationships with spouses and lovers tend to differ from relationships with friends in the areas of:

Eros/passionate love is:

Romantic love differs from both affectionate love and friendship in its:

According to researcher Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is:

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable silence, and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?

What is needed for a couple to remain happy together after their romantic love fades?

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing?

Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's triarchic theory of love?

Susan and Eduardo say that although they are not as physically attracted to one another as they once were, they are emotionally very close and are committed to making their relationship work. Which of the following would Robert Sternberg say is TRUE about their love?

Kristin and Greg have been dating each other for several years. When Kristin is asked by a friend to describe her feelings for Greg, she explains that she feels a deep sense of caring for him and often desires to have him near her. She does not, however, mention any strong sexual urges or desires for Greg. Which type of love is Kristin expressing for Greg?

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, consummate love is characterized by:

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, affectionate love is characterized by:

According to research, the number of men between the ages of 20 and 29 years who reported that they were single in 2006 had risen to ____ percent in the United States.

In general, being single offers the potential advantage of _________ but the potential disadvantage of ________.

Which of the following is a common problem of being single?

Julia, who has just turned 30 years old, has never married. She is likely to feel:

In 1970, approximately _____ million American couples reported that they cohabitated before getting married; in the year 2005, more than ______ million reported that they had cohabitated before getting married.

In which country is cohabitation virtually universal before marriage?

Rob and Alise have just moved in together, so that they can spend more time with each other and get to know each other better. Research indicates that:

Research suggests that:

Suzie and Richard are cohabitating, whereas Becky and Bernard are married. It is likely that:

Since the early 1900s, the goal of maintaining a stable marriage has:

The major change in the last 60 years that has increased the fragility of marriages is:

If American men and women are going to get married at some point in their life, the average age for a first marriage as of 2007 was around:

When men and women report how happy they are in their marriage, the trend is that:

One of the benefits of marriage is:

Between 1980 and 2007 the divorce rate in the United States:

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increase in divorce?

When couples divorce in the United States, they are most likely to do so during which years of marriage?

On average, divorced adults remarry within __ years after divorcing.

With regard to the timing of remarriage, in the United States:

Whereas first-married couples have the greatest chance of divorcing after _____ year(s) of marriage, remarried couples are more likely to divorce in the ________ of marriage.

All of the following are inaccurate myths about gay and lesbian couples, EXCEPT:

Hannah understands her husband very well. She knows that on Sundays he likes to watch football on television, so she often arranges play-dates for their kids so she can leave him alone to watch the games. Sam also knows Hannah very well, and realizes that she is not a "morning person." On Saturdays, Sam gets out of bed early without disturbing Hannah, wakes up the kids, and watches cartoons on television with them while Hannah sleeps in. John Gottman would say that Sam and Hannah have a good set of:

Gary is a psychologist who does a lot of work writing textbooks for publishing companies. His wife, Zola, is a stay-at-home mom. Gary asks Zola if she can help him by doing some of the "busy" work on his projects, like re-numbering items, spell-checking his work, and formatting documents. By getting her involved, Gary is more able to spend his time focusing on the content of his project. According to Gottman, which of the following goals of marriage is accomplished when Gary and Zola work together like this?

Adults' expectations about their roles as parents:

Which of the following is NOT one of the outcomes of married couples deciding to have only one child?

Cassie waited until she was well established in her career before having children. Which of the following is likely to be TRUE for Cassie?

Which one of the following is NOT an advantage for having a child earlier rather than later in life?

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for having a successful and happy life after divorce that is cited by your author?

Which of the following was a main complaint made by women about their husbands, according to Tannen (1990)?

Deborah Tannen analyzed the talk of men and women and found that compared with women, men more commonly engage in _________ talk, because for men, talk is for ________.

For men, talk is ________, whereas for women, talk is ________.

Fluid intelligence is the ability to:

In middle adulthood, __________ intelligence continues to increase.

A reasonable explanation for why 40-year-olds and 60-year-olds show differences in intelligence test scores is:

Laura is in her 40s. Which of the following of her abilities will decline in the next 10 years?

The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of:

An adult in middle age will do most poorly on which of the following tasks?

Michelle is upset because she believes her memory has been getting worse since she entered middle age. She finds it harder to remember a grocery list or telephone number, although she does not have difficulty with information she uses often, such as her address or Social Security number. Which of the following is probably TRUE about Michelle?

Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle age?

In general, why are 40-year-olds better problem-solvers than 20-year-olds?

In middle age, the role of work __________ in people's lives.

At age 45, Dena wants to begin a new leisure activity. Which of the following would NOT fit the definition of leisure?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that leisure may be an especially important aspect of middle adulthood?

According to information in Chapter 13, what will be the balance of leisure and work for most individuals during middle adulthood?

One reason that leisure is important in middle adulthood is that:

What percentage of Americans consider themselves to be religious?

Compared with men's involvement in religion, women are more likely to:

Which group has a stronger interest in religion?

As we age, our level of spirituality:

Which statement best characterizes the nature of religion's influence on Americans' lives?

Recent research suggests that religion can promote physical health due to:

According to Victor Frankl, the three most distinct human qualities are freedom, responsibility, and:

The seventh stage of Erikson's life-span theory is the characteristic of middle age. What name did Erikson give this stage?

In Erik Erikson's theory, adults strive for generativity to achieve a sense of:

As he looks back over his life, Chris realizes that his work was not as important to him as he believed, and that he lost too much valuable time with his children. If he could do it over again, he would work less and spend more time with his children. According to Erik Erikson, Chris is experiencing some degree of:

Through ________ generativity, adults develop skills that are passed down to others.

Examining the theories of Erik Erikson, a study was conducted by Carol Ryff. She concluded that _________ adults were particularly concerned about generativity.

Peter, a 20-year-old, is in the ________ phase, according to Levinson.

According to Levinson the transition from the teens to early adulthood was marked by two tasks. They are:

According to Levinson's research on the midlife transition, most men:

Bernard is trying to come to grips with the reality that he is no longer a young man, and he spends more time than ever before contemplating his future. According to Levinson, Bernard is ________ years old.

According to Levinson, the change to middle adulthood requires that the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts. Which of the following is NOT one of these conflicts?

Daniel Levinson's theory of adult development can be criticized because it:

What did Levinson's research conclude about women in midlife transition?

Earlier views were that midlife crises are common in middle adulthood. Currently, adult development theorists believe that the high prevalence of such crises:

A major criticism of the theory of the midlife crisis is that:

An important concern about the adult-stage theories of Erikson, Levinson, and Vaillant is that they:

Stage theories of development emphasize _______, whereas the life-events approach focuses on _______.

An assumption that underlies the contemporary life-events approach to adult development is that adult development is:

At age 47, Renaldo is divorced and is moving to another state to find a new job. According to the ________ approach to understanding adult development, we can say that Renaldo is entering a new stage in life.

The ________ approach emphasizes mediating factors and sociohistorical context, among other factors, to explain individual development.

The ________ life-events approach emphasizes that the manner in which life events influence an individual's development depends not only on these events but also upon mediating factors.

The life-events approach to understanding adult development has been criticized because it:

Professor Weinstein is discussing the contemporary life-events approach to development. He criticizes this theory for:

A recent study of stress revealed that middle-aged adults experience ________ "overload" stressors compared with young and older adults.

Cohort effects are differences based on:

Why is the social clock an important consideration when understanding development?

Stewart, at 38 years old, is not yet married, although most of his close friends have been married for years. Because of this, Stewart feels:

Sandra's mother is concerned about Sandra's lack of interest in marrying and having children. She told Sandra, "When I was your age, I had already found a good husband and settled down." Sandra and her mother:

How has the social clock changed over the last few decades?

The adult stages of development proposed by Levinson and Vaillant may not have taken into account differences in the social clock. This means that their results:

Cross-cultural studies show that in nonindustrialized countries, the concept of middle age is:

Why is it difficult to identify a midlife crisis in other cultures?

Middle adulthood for women is:

In the Gusii culture of Kenya, most middle-aged adults:

Stages of adulthood in the Gusii culture of Kenya are defined by:

In general, the argument that middle adulthood has advantages for women in nonindustrialized cultures is based on the idea that women in these cultures typically:

Mngada is in middle adulthood in her native culture, a nonindustrialized country. According to what is known about midlife in different cultures, we can expect that Mngada will probably:

Which of the following is NOT one of the big five personality traits identified by Costa and McCrae?

All but one of the following are members of the big five set of personality traits described by Costa and McCrae. Which one is the exception?

Of Costa and McCrae's Big Five personality traits, which one is most likely to increase in early and middle adulthood?

Which of the following is one of Costa and McCrae's Big Five personality traits?

According to Costa and McCrae's study on adult personality development, the superfactor called extraversion was complex for older adults until it was divided into two sub-traits. They are:

According to Costa and McCrae's study on adult personality development, in early adulthood, _________ decreases.

According to Costa and McCrae's study on adult personality development, in early adulthood, ________ increases.

According to Costa and McCrae's study on adult personality development, in middle adulthood, ________ increases.

Chuck, who is in his late 50s, is less ________ than his son, who is 20 years younger.

Which of the following best summarizes the results of the major longitudinal studies of personality development?

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the results of studies on adult personality?

In the Berkeley longitudinal studies, which of the following characteristics was generally stable across time for the adult?

In the Berkeley longitudinal studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed across time for the adult?

According to the research of Vaillant, which of the following characteristics in middle age was the best predictor of having an enduring and happy marriage between the ages of 75 and 80?

Theorists of a cumulative personality model of development would agree that:

The research of Caspi and Roberts (2001) has generally concluded that as we age the main quality of personality is increasing:

Middle-aged Americans agree that a major component of their well-being involves:

Allan and Jan are a middle-aged couple going through a divorce. They have both agreed that divorce is the best solution for them. Which of the following is likely?

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), divorced adults reported that they had generally stayed in their marriages and postponed their divorces because of:

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), _________ divorced adults reported that they had made the right decision to dissolve their marriages.

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the person most likely to initiate a divorce was:

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was:

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older men cited for wanting a divorce was:

Stephan and Suzanne have just waved good-bye to their youngest daughter as she leaves for her honeymoon; she is the last of their children to leave home. Stephan turns to Suzanne and says, "Free at last!" Suzanne feels happier than she has in years. Stephan and Suzanne are:

The empty nest syndrome implies that parents:

Which of the following is TRUE about the empty nest syndrome?

Trevor and Michelle's last child has just left home to attend college. According to research, this will be a time when:

The main reason that some children delay leaving home until early adulthood is that:

Mary is unhappy about her 24-year-old daughter's request to move back home after college. Which of the following is likely to be Mary's main concern?

In general, the situation of adult children living in their parents' home is most successful when:

When middle adulthood arrives, most relationships among brothers and/or sisters are:

Ron and his sister, Sarah, are both in their mid-50s and have a close personal relationship. Most research on sibling relationships suggests that:

Girard and his sister were never close growing up. Now that they are adults, their relationship is probably:

For women and men, the role of grandparent is seen differently. For women, grandparenting is _______, whereas for men, it is _______.

In a study of the relationships between grandparents and grandchildren, which ethnic group showed the greatest frequency of contact between these generations?

In 2005, just over ______ children in the United States lived with their grandparents as their primary home.

There are many problems associated with being a full-time grandparent caregiver of a child. Which of the following is NOT one of the problems noted by your author?

In a study that spanned 21 different countries, a majority of people indicated that the strongest part of their own self-concept was related to their:

Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because:

In the metaphor of the sandwich generation, who is between the "bread slices"?

In the metaphor of the sandwich generation, who is the "bread"?

Who tends to experience the most intergenerational stress?

In view of research on intergenerational relationships, in which way would we most expect a young adult daughter to be similar to her parents?

Which family relationships tend to be the closest in adulthood?

Roger is 35 years old and has been married for 9 years. According to national trends, with whom does he spend the most time?

If Susan is a typical American child, who will be her most beloved and important relative in her extended family?