In which of the following animals are blood and interstitial fluid the same?
flatworm
fish
dog
grasshopper
answer
grasshopper
question
Which of the following best describes an artery?
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood.
Arteries contain valves.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries have thin walls compared with veins.
answer
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
question
Which answer choice lists the correct order of blood flow?
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle
right atrium, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle
left ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, right atrium, right ventricle
answer
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle
question
Which statement regarding the direction of blood flow and the oxygen content of blood vessels is true?
Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
Arteries move blood to the atria of the heart.
Veins transport blood from the heart to the capillaries.
answer
Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart.
question
In which of the following are you likely to find oxygen-rich blood?
aorta
right atrium
pulmonary artery
right ventricle
answer
aorta
question
During ventricular systole, blood flows _____.
into the ventricles
from the left ventricle into the aorta, and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
from the ventricles into the pulmonary veins
into both atria
answer
from the left ventricle into the aorta, and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
question
What is the function of the AV node?
The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the atria into the ventricles.
The AV node initiates a nerve impulse across the atria.
The AV node relays the signal for cardiac muscle contraction to the ventricles.
The AV node assures the unidirectional flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.
answer
The AV node relays the signal for cardiac muscle contraction to the ventricles.
question
Which of the following have valves?
capillaries
venules
arteries
veins
answer
veins
question
Blood pressure is lowest in _____.
capillaries
the venae cavae
arteries
arterioles
answer
the venae cavae
The venae cavae, which complete the return of blood to the heart, are farthest from the pumping force of the heart.
question
How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross capillary walls?
endocytosis
diffusion
exocytosis
osmosis
answer
diffusion
question
What process are leukocytes involved in?
fighting infections
blood clotting
oxygen transport
maintenance of osmotic balance between blood and interstitial fluid
answer
fighting infections
question
Why do leukemia patients sometimes need a bone marrow transplant?
Leukemia treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, destroy the patient's own marrow.
A bone marrow transplant may be needed to counteract the increase in white blood cell count with a greater number of red blood cells.
Leukemia causes a person's own bone marrow to stop producing erythrocytes.
If the patient does not respond to standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, a bone marrow transplant is another treatment option.
answer
If the patient does not respond to standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, a bone marrow transplant is another treatment option.
question
Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system?
a human
a bird
an insect
a whale
answer
an insect
question
The open circulatory system _____.
restricts the backflow of blood by valves in the trachea
does not rely on muscle contraction
is less common in grasshoppers and other insects than in mice and snakes
allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid
answer
allows interstitial fluid to mix freely with vascular fluid
question
Which animal has a closed circulatory system?
beetle
snail
fish
hydra
answer
fish
question
Closed circulatory systems _____.
have capillaries
lack a heart
lack veins
lack blood
answer
have capillaries
question
The function of the pulmonary circuit is to _____.
carry oxygen and nutrients to tissues where they are needed
retrieve waste products from the body tissues
carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs
carry blood through the heart, lungs, and all of the body tissues
answer
carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs
question
In a fish, the cardiovascular system has a _____ pump, whereas in a mammal, it has a _____ pump.
single ... double
quadruple ... double
single ... quadruple
double ... quadruple
answer
single ... double
question
What is unique about blood in pulmonary arteries compared with blood in other arteries?
It is moving toward the heart.
It is loaded with carbon dioxide.
It is moving away from the heart.
Blood in pulmonary arteries is always blue; it is red in all other arteries.
answer
It is loaded with carbon dioxide.
question
Which chamber(s) of the heart hold(s) oxygen-rich blood?
left ventricle and left atrium
left atrium only
right atrium and right ventricle
both left and right atria
answer
left ventricle and left atrium
question
Where does blood go directly after it leaves the inferior vena cava?
into the capillaries of the upper body
into the right atrium
into the lungs
into the pulmonary artery
answer
into the right atrium
question
Which of the following correctly traces a drop of blood through the circulatory system?
left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body, left atrium
left ventricle, lungs, left atrium, right ventricle, body, right atrium
right ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, body, left atrium
right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium
answer
right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium
The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the blood returns to the left atrium. The left atrium empties into the left ventricle, which is the large muscular chamber that pumps blood to the rest of the body. Veins returning blood to the heart empty into the two venae cavae, which return blood to the right atrium.
question
Emphysema damages the tissues of the lungs and increases peripheral resistance, forcing the heart to increase its contraction strength to compensate. In which of the following would changes first be detectable?
right atrium
aorta
left atrium
right ventricle
answer
right ventricle
question
Which of the following contains oxygen-poor blood?
left atrium
pulmonary vein
pulmonary artery
left ventricle
answer
pulmonary artery
question
Heart valves function to _____.
keep blood moving forward through the heart
slow blood down as it passes through the heart
control the amount of blood pumped by the heart
mix blood thoroughly as it passes through the heart
answer
keep blood moving forward through the heart
question
Atrial systole lasts approximately _____.
0.3 second
0.1 second
0.4 second
1 second
answer
0.1 second
question
What is the cardiac output of a person whose pulse is 80 beats per minute with a stroke volume of 60 milliliters per beat?
4,000 ml
60
140
4,800 ml
answer
4,800 ml
question
Ventricles contract during _____.
at the same time that atria contract
diastole
systole
the time the semilunar valves close
answer
systole
question
What total information is necessary to calculate the cardiac output of the heart?
liters of blood pumped per minute
the amount of blood exiting the ventricle with each beat
the volume of blood in the circulatory system
the number of beats per minute
answer
liters of blood pumped per minute
question
During systole of the ventricles, _____.
both the AV and semilunar valves open
the AV valves open and the semilunar valves close
the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open
both the AV and semilunar valves close
answer
the AV valves close and the semilunar valves open
question
When the heart beats, a "lub-dup" sound pattern is heard. What causes the "lub" sound?
the closure of the semilunar valves during systole
a defect in one or more of the heart valves
the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during systole
the closure of the semilunar valves during diastole
answer
the recoil of blood against the closed AV valves during systole
question
A recording of the electrical activity of a patient's heart shows that the atria are contracting regularly and normally, but every few beats the ventricles fail to contract. Which of the following is probably functioning improperly?
AV node
semilunar valve
coronary artery
pacemaker
answer
AV node
question
The SA node generates an electrical impulse from its location in the _____.
right atrium, causing atrial contraction
left atrium, causing ventricular contraction
left ventricle wall, from which the impulse is carried to specialized muscle fibers that relay the signals to the tips of the ventricles
left ventricle, causing atrial contraction
answer
right atrium, causing atrial contraction
question
Atherosclerosis is _____.
the noncontracting scar tissue that replaces heart muscle when heart vessels are blocked
severe pain of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen
the result of balloon angioplasty
buildup of lipids along the inside of heart vessels
answer
buildup of lipids along the inside of heart vessels
question
What is the physiological cause of a heart attack?
severe angina
a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart
rupture of coronary arteries
a blood clot moving through the heart
answer
a blood clot lodging in a blood vessel supplying the heart
question
_____ is the leading cause of death in the United States.
Cancer
Heart attack
Stroke
Homicide
answer
Heart attack
question
What is meant by the term stroke?
an abnormally low number of red blood cells
the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood flow to the head
the spread of cancer cells from the site of a tumor to other sites in the body
the death of heart muscle as a result of the blockage of coronary arteries
answer
the death of brain tissue as a result of the blockage of blood flow to the head
question
Which of these increases your risk of cardiovascular disease?
a diet low in cholesterol
smoking
exercise
a diet low in saturated fat
answer
smoking
question
The blood vessels with the thinnest walls are the _____.
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
answer
capillaries
question
From outside to inside, the tissue layers of both arteries and veins are composed of _____.
epithelium
connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelium
epithelium, connective tissue, smooth muscle
smooth muscle, epithelium
answer
connective tissue, smooth muscle, epithelium
question
_____ transport blood to capillaries, and _____ transport blood away from capillaries.
Arterioles ... venules
Venules ... arteries
Arteries ... arterioles
Veins ... arteries
answer
Arterioles ... venules
question
Pressure is greatest in the ventricles when _____.
oxygen-rich blood arrives at the right ventricle
the ventricles contract
AV valves are open and semilunar valves are closed
oxygen-rich blood arrives at the left atrium
answer
the ventricles contract
question
In which of the following blood vessels are pressure and velocity highest?
arteries
veins
capillaries
aorta
answer
aorta
question
Blood pressure is lowest in the _____.
venae cavae
arteries
aorta
capillaries
answer
venae cavae
question
Your blood pressure is 120/70. The "120" indicates _____, and the "70" indicates _____.
arterial pressure ... venous pressure
pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the right ventricle
pressure in the left ventricle ... pressure in the left atrium
arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation
answer
arterial pressure during heart contraction ... arterial pressure during heart relaxation
question
High blood pressure is also known as _____.
hypertension
hypotension
hypertonic
anemia
answer
hypertension
question
Chronic high blood pressure contributes to _____.
heart attack risk
risk of kidney failure
All of the listed responses are correct.
stroke risk
answer
All of the listed responses are correct.
question
What is responsible for the sounds that are used to measure blood pressure?
uneven blood flow through an artery
the recoil of blood against closed AV valves
the closing of the semilunar valves
leaky heart valves
answer
uneven blood flow through an artery
question
Which of the following can increase your risk of developing hypertension?
being born a female (and staying young)
exercising
genetics
maintaining proper weight
answer
genetics
question
The contraction of _____ muscle will inhibit the flow of blood into an arteriole.
smooth
striated
skeletal
cardiac
answer
smooth
question
The distribution of blood to capillaries is controlled by _____.
aortic blood pressure
smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles and the precapillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood from arterioles into capillaries
smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into venules
valves that are found at the junction of arterioles and capillaries
answer
smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood from arteries into arterioles and the precapillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood from arterioles into capillaries
question
Gases diffuse across a capillary wall, moving between the _____ and _____.
blood ... water
oxygen ... carbon dioxide
blood ... interstitial fluid
blood ... body tissue
answer
blood ... interstitial fluid
question
At the arteriole end of a capillary, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the capillary; at the venous end, blood pressure _____ osmotic pressure so that there is a net flow of fluid _____ the capillary.
is less than ... out of ... exceeds ... into
exceeds ... out of ... is less than ... into
exceeds ... out of ... exceeds ... into
exceeds ... into ... is less than ... out of
answer
exceeds ... out of ... is less than ... into
question
Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?
leukocyte
monocyte
erythrocyte
platelet
answer
monocyte
question
The major component of plasma is _____.
fibrinogen
water
albumin
erythrocytes
answer
water
question
Which of these transport oxygen?
monocytes
platelets
erythrocytes
basophils
erythrocytes
Erythrocytes lack both nuclei and mitochondria.
question
Where is erythropoietin made?
in the liver
in the heart
in the red bone marrow
in the kidneys
answer
in the kidneys
question
The primary sealant that plugs leaks in blood vessels is _____.
fibrin
white blood cells
albumin
plasma
answer
fibrin
question
When the epithelium that lines a blood vessel is damaged, _____ adhere to the exposed tissue and begin to form a plug that helps stop blood loss.
platelets
fibrin
fibrinogen
heparin
answer
platelets
question
The red bone marrow has two different types of stem cells that can differentiate into blood cells. These stem cells are _____.
lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells
eosinophils and monocytes
multipotent stem cells and lymphocytes
erythrocytes and lymphocytes
answer
lymphoid stem cells and myeloid stem cells
question
Which of the following organisms has an open circulatory system?
Spiders
Squid
Dogs
Earthworms
answer
Spiders
question
Which of the following components is not found in all circulatory systems?
A cavity within the body that allows organs to be bathed directly in blood
A network of blood vessels through which blood travels to all parts of the body
Blood
A "heart" that pumps fluid throughout the body
answer
A cavity within the body that allows organs to be bathed directly in blood
question
In which of the following animals are blood and interstitial fluid the same?
fish
grasshopper
dog
flatworm
answer
grasshopper
With an open circulatory system, the body fluid, called hemolymph, bathes the organs directly so that there is not a distinction between blood and interstitial fluid.
question
Which artery supplies the frog's head with oxygenated blood?
Systemic arch
Pulmocutaneous arch
Carotid arch
answer
Carotid arch
question
Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left side of the ventricle?
It collects oxygenated blood from the lungs.
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit.
It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmocutaneous circuit.
It collects deoxygenated blood from the lungs.
answer
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circuit.
question
True or false. In frogs, blood flows through the pulmocutaneous circuit between the heart and the lungs and skin and through the systemic circuit between the heart and the rest of the body.
True
False
answer
True
question
Which of the following statements best describes "deoxygenated" blood?
It has lost some of its oxygen after passing through the lungs or gills.
It has gained oxygen after passing through the body's tissues.
It has gained oxygen after passing through the heart.
It has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues.
answer
It has lost some of its oxygen to the body's tissues.
question
Which of the following statements about blood circulation in fish is true?
Blood enters the heart ventricle and then is pumped to the atrium.
Oxygen-rich blood is transported from the gills to the heart, which then pumps the blood to the body's cells.
Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time.
The chambers of the fish heart contract simultaneously.
answer
Valves in the heart prevent blood from entering more than one chamber at a time.
question
Blood returns to the heart via the _____.
aorta
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
aorta and pulmonary arteries
aorta and pulmonary veins
answer
pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
question
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
capillaries of the lungs
inferior vena cava
answer
left atrium
question
From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
capillaries of the lungs
inferior vena cava
answer
right atrium
Blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
question
From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
capillaries of the lungs
inferior vena cava
answer
inferior vena cava
question
Which of the following statements best describes the function of the left ventricle?
It collects deoxygenated blood from the lungs.
It collects oxygenated blood from the lungs.
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.
It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.
answer
It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.
question
Which of the following statements about blood circulation in humans is true?
As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body.
During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract.
Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium.
Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.
answer
Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.
Valves are flaps of tissue that close when the ventricles contract to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and also when the ventricles relax to prevent the backflow of blood from exiting vessels to the ventricles.
question
True or false? The circulatory system of humans is composed of two loops: the systemic circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and lungs, and the pulmonary circulation, in which blood flows between the heart and the rest of the body.
True
False
answer
False
The statement is false.The pulmonary circulation pumps blood between the heart and lungs, whereas the systemic circulation pumps blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
question
Arteries carry blood _____.
away from capillaries
away from the heart and away from the lungs
to the heart and away from the lungs
to the heart only
away from the heart only
answer
away from the heart only
question
From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
capillaries of the lungs
posterior vena cava
answer
left atrium
question
From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
capillaries of the lungs
posterior vena cava
answer
right atrium
question
From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
capillaries of the lungs
posterior vena cava
answer
posterior vena cava
question
Carbon dioxide enters the blood at the _____.
capillaries of the lungs
capillaries of the abdominal organs
capillaries of the hind limbs
capillaries of the head and forelimbs
capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs
answer
capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs
question
The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls.
aorta
capillaries
posterior vena cava
pulmonary artery
right ventricle
answer
capillaries
question
Blood pressure is highest in the _____.
aorta
posterior vena cava
anterior vena cava
pulmonary artery
capillaries
answer
aorta
question
During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, _____.
the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are open
the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed
the atrioventricular valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open
the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are closed
answer
the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed
question
During a heartbeat, the AV node _____.
delays the signal from the pacemaker to cardiac muscle fibers
relays electrical signals to the apex of the heart
triggers strong contractions that propel blood from the heart
sets the pace of the heart
answer
delays the signal from the pacemaker to cardiac muscle fibers
question
During the phase of the cardiac cycle called ________ , the entire heart is relaxed and blood flows into all four chambers.
answer
diastole
question
During the phase of the cardiac cycle called _______ , the heart contracts beginning with the atria and then the ventricles.
answer
systole
question
When the ventricles contract, _____ snap closed.
answer
the atrioventricular (AV) valves
question
A defective heart valve can be identified by the sound of a(n) ____.
answer
heart murmur
question
The ______, or pacemaker, initiates the heartbeat by generating electrical impulses that spread across both atria.
answer
sinoatrial (SA) node
question
Impulses are delayed briefly at the _____ and are then transmitted through special fibers to the base of the ventricles. Strong contractions begin at the apex of the heart and drive blood up and out of the heart.
answer
atrioventricular(AV) node
question
A(n) _____ records the electrical changes that occur during the heartbeat and provides data on the health of the heart.
answer
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
question
How do arteries regulate blood flow?
by constricting or relaxing their smooth muscle layer
by allowing blood to flow back to the heart at low velocity and pressure
by shifting blood flow toward or away from the surface of the body
through the use of one-way valves that permit blood flow only toward the heart
answer
by constricting or relaxing their smooth muscle layer
question
You are studying a vessel with a smooth muscle layer and valves. What kind of vessel could this be?
arteriole
capillary
vein
artery
answer
vein
question
Blood pressure is lowest in _____.
the venae cavae
arterioles
capillaries
arteries
answer
the venae cavae
question
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be considered to be indicative of hypertension?
135/70
130/90
120/80
120/110
answer
120/110
A diastolic pressure of greater than 90 mmHg is high blood pressure.
question
Precapillary sphincters _____.
control how much blood leaves a capillary bed
control how much blood enters a particular capillary bed
regulate the distribution of blood in capillary beds
control how much blood enters digestive tissues
answer
regulate the distribution of blood in capillary beds
question
The role of ventricles is to _____.
pump blood through arteries
pump blood through veins
receive blood from an artery
receive blood from a vein
answer
pump blood through arteries
Haven't found what you need?
Search for quizzes and test answers now
Quizzes.studymoose.com uses cookies. By continuing you agree to our cookie policy