Which of the following statements describing the mechanics of breathing is false?
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Ventilation relies exclusively on contracting skeletal muscles.
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The contraction of which of the following muscles will increase the thoracic cavity volume during inspiration
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the external intercostals
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At the beginning of inspiration, the
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horacic cavity volume increases
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At the beginning of expiration, the
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pressure in the thoracic cavity increases.
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A tidal volume refers to the
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amount of air inspired and then expired with each breath under resting conditions.
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In obstructive diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, airway radius is decreased. Thus, FEV1 will
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decrease proportionately
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Minute ventilation is the amount of air that flows into and then out of the lungs in a minute. Minute ventilation (ml/min) =
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TV (ml/breath) x BPM (breaths/min).
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To calculate a person's vital capacity, you need to know the TV, ERV, and
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IRV
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Measuring a person's FVC means that you are measuring
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the amount of air that can be expelled when the subject takes the deepest possible inspiration and then forcefully expires as completely and rapidly as possible.
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Measuring a person's FEV1 means that you are measuring
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he amount of the VC that is expired during the first second of the FVC test.
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For a person suffering an asthma attack, inhaler medications are expected to
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reduce the airway resistance.
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Which of the following values does not include ERV?
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TV
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What would be an example of an everyday respiratory event the ERV simulates?
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ERV can be defined as the maximum amount of air released at the end of a normal tidal volume exhalation. An example of this would be blowing out birthday candles, as most try to get rid of the flames of the candles in a single breath.
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What skeletal muscles are used in ERV activity?
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Abdominals and intercostal muscles are used in ERV activity.
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What happened to the % FEV1 as the airway radius decreased?
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FEV1 decreased proportionally
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A normal resting tidal volume is expected to be around
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500 ml
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Which respiratory process is impaired the most by emphysema?
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expiration
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During an asthma attack
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inspiration and expiration are impaired.
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During moderate aerobic exercise, which respiratory variable increases the most?
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tidal volume
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Inhaler medications for an asthma patient are designed to
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dilate the patient's bronchioles.
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When obstructive lung disease develops, what happens to the FEV1 %
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decreases
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Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FVC in this patient?
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decreased
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Compared with the normal patient, what happened to the FEV1 in this patient?
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decreased
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For both types of exercise, the tidal volumes and breathing rates were increased. Compared with normal values, did tidal volume or breathing rate increase more during moderate exercise?
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Tidal volume
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Which of the following respiratory values represents a decreased flow rate during the obstructive lung disease(s)?
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FEV1
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Calculate the ERV of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: TLC = 6000 ml, FVC = 4800 ml, RV = 1200 ml, IRV = 2900 ml, TV = 500 ml.
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1400 ml
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Calculate the FVC of an individual with the following respiratory volumes: RV = 1000 ml, IRV = 3000 ml, TV = 500 ml, ERV = 1500 ml.
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5000 ml
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What is the largest volume for the normal patient?
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IRV
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What happened to the RV for the emphysema patient and the asthmatic patient?
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increased for both patients
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Which of the following statements about surface tension is false?
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Surface tension acts to increase the size of the alveoli within the lungs.
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Which of the following statements about surfactant is false?
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Surfactant works by increasing the attraction of water molecules to each other.
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Just before an inspiration begins, the pressure within the intrapleural cavity
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is less than the pressure within the alveoli.
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The respiratory condition of pneumothorax refers to
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any opening that equalizes the intrapleural pressure with the atmospheric pressure.
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A pneumothorax can lead to
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atelectasis.
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The addition of surfactant to the lung interior
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increased airflow
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Opening the valve in the side of the glass bell jar
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stimulated pneumothorax
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n this activity a pneumothorax is automatically followed by
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atelectasis
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The best way to rapidly reinflate a person's collapsed lung is to
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pump air out of the intrapleural space to recreate negative pressure.
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