Psych Chapter 8

25 July 2022
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question
What is procedural memory?
answer
type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
Explanation: Procedural memory is a type of long-term memory that helps us remember how to do things. It is also sometimes called implicit memory or nondeclarative memory. Procedural memory is different from declarative memory, which is the type of long-term memory that helps us remember facts and events (also called explicit memory or semantic memory).Procedural memory is created by our experiences and practice. It is stored in our brain as a set of instructions or procedures. When we need to do something, our procedural memory kicks in and helps us remember how to do it. For example, if you have ever ridden a bike, you don't need to think about how to do it – your procedural memory takes over and lets you do it automatically.Procedural memory is important for everyday activities such as driving a car, riding a bike, or tying your shoes. It is also important for more complex activities such as playing a musical instrument or speaking a foreign language.Procedural memory is stored in a part of the brain called the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, beneath the cerebral cortex. It is responsible for coordinating movement and balance.
question
Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?
answer
remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV
Explanation: The answer is B." Semantic encoding is the encoding of meaning, so "B" is the best answer because it is the sentence that has the most meaning. "A" is just a list of words, "C" is a made-up word, and "D" is a nonsense sentence."
question
If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?
answer
amygdala
Explanation: The part of the brain that is processing the fear caused by the snake is the amygdala. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, including fear.
question
Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?
answer
being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics
Explanation: Acoustic encoding is the process of translating information into a form that can be stored in and retrieved from our memory. A good example of acoustic encoding would be remembering a phone number that you heard someone say.
question
_____________ encoding is the encoding of images.
answer
visual
Explanation: Image encoding is the process of translating an image into a form that can be stored or transmitted. This typically involves compressing the image to reduce the amount of data required to represent it.
question
How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?
answer
EXPLICIT memories are memories we consciously try to remember & recall, while IMPLICIT memories are those that are not part of our consciousness
Explanation: An explicit memory is a memory that can be consciously recalled, such as a memory of a past event. An implicit memory is a memory that is not consciously recalled but may influence behavior, such as a memory of how to ride a bike.
question
Elaborative rehearsal involves _______________.
answer
thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
Explanation: Elaborative rehearsal is a type of rehearsal that involves adding new information to what is already known. This can be done by linking the new information to something that is already known, or by adding new details to the existing information. Elaborative rehearsal is thought to be more effective than simple rehearsal because it helps to create a richer and more detailed memory of the information.
question
What did Lashley develop by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete that same task?
answer
equipotentiality hypothesis
Explanation: Lashley developed a technique for testing the effect of brain damage on learned tasks by purposely damaging the brains of rats that had learned a task and then testing those rats to see if the brain damage impaired their ability to complete that same task. This technique allowed Lashley to determine which areas of the brain were critical for specific learned tasks.
question
Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of ________, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.
answer
encoding failure
Explanation: This may be an example of inattentional blindness, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.
question
When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.
answer
implicit
Explanation: Non-declarative memory is a type of long-term memory that does not require conscious recall. This means that once you have learned how to ride a bike, you will be able to do it again without having to think about it.
question
For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ______________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.
answer
flashbulb memory
Explanation:Non-declarative memory is a type of long-term memory that does not require conscious recall. This means that once you have learned how to ride a bike, you will be able to do it again without having to think about it.
question
What is the main idea of the Stroop effect?
answer
The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information
Explanation: The main idea of the Stroop effect is that it is easier to name the color of a word when the word itself is not the name of a color. For example, it is easier to say red" when the word is printed in green ink than when the word "red" is printed in red ink."
question
Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancee and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ______________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.
answer
bias
Explanation: Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancee and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of how memories are distorted by your current belief system. Your current belief system is that you are no longer in love with your French fiancee, so any memories of good times you had together are now tainted by that belief.
question
Which of the following statements about encoding is incorrect?
answer
encoding involves the input of information into the memory system
Explanation: Encoding is the process of translating information from one form to another.The incorrect statement about encoding is that it is the process of translating information from one form to another. Encoding is the process of translating information into a form that can be stored in memory.
question
Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?
answer
The amygdala is a processing area for explicit memories.
Explanation: The amygdala is responsible for processing fear and other emotions.The amygdala is responsible for processing fear and other emotions. It is located in the brain and is a part of the limbic system. The amygdala is important for the formation of memories, especially those associated with emotional events.
question
I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.
answer
explicit memory
Explanation: While you are actively trying to remember and recall the names of all 50 states, this is considered to be a form of active learning. Active learning is a type of learning that requires you to engage with the material in order to learn it. This can involve things like reading, writing, listening, and speaking. With active learning, you are typically more engaged and involved with the material, which can help you to better remember and understand it.
question
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
answer
change the word "transitional" to the word "sensory"
Explanation: The following sentence should read: In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: short-term memory, transitional memory, and long-term memory.""
question
Remembering ________ is a good example of procedural memory.
answer
how to use the phone
Explanation: There are different types of memory, and procedural memory is one of them. Procedural memory is responsible for storing information on how to do things, like riding a bike or tying your shoes. So, when you're trying to remember how to do something, it's your procedural memory that you're relying on.
question
What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?
answer
another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus
Explanation: The equipotentiality hypothesis suggests that if the hippocampus was damaged, then all memories would be equally affected. This means that all memories would be equally difficult to remember, and that any new memories would be equally difficult to create.
question
What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?
answer
sensory
Explanation: The question is asking about sensory memory, which is the memory system that allows us to briefly hold on to sensory information before it fades away or is replaced by new information. Sensory memory is important because it allows us to process and respond to our environment quickly and efficiently.