PSY 1001 Quiz 5

Victims of a famine will often eat unappetizing and nutritionally poor foods simply to relieve their constant hunger. Their behavior is best explained in terms of A) arousal theory. B) instinct theory. C) drive-reduction theory. D) incentive theory.

Which of the following is clearly NOT an example of an incentive? A) $1000 B) threat of punishment C) smell of popcorn D) dehydration

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce A) a drive. B) an instinct. C) an incentive. D) homeostasis.

Motivation is defined by psychologists as A) an impulse to accomplish something of significance. B) rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of all people. C) a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. D) the cause of behavior.

A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called a(n) A) homeostasis. B) drive. C) instinct. D) incentive.

The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of A) instincts. B) homeostasis. C) arousal. D) incentives.

Adventurous people who relish the pursuit of novel and intense experiences are said to be A) sensation-seekers. B) self-transcendent. C) incentive seekers D) self-actualized.

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, test performance is typically ________ when physiological arousal is ________. A) best; moderate B) worst; moderate C) best; very low D) best; very high

Maslow referred to the needs for purpose and meaning that lie beyond the self as A) belongingness needs. B) self-esteem needs. C) self-transcendence needs. D) self-actualization needs.

Carmen has plenty of food and lives in a nice house. Now, she feels she needs to find a soulmate, or even a close friend or two, with whom she can share her life. According to Maslow, she is now motivated by A) self-actualization needs. B) esteem needs. C) safety needs. D) belongingness and love needs.

The set point is A) the stage of the sexual response cycle that occurs just before orgasm. B) the body temperature of a healthy organism, for example, 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit in humans. C) the point at which energy expenditures from exercise and from metabolism are equal. D) the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time.

Obesity is defined as A) a body weight 30 percent higher than one's normal set point. B) a regular daily consumption of over 3000 calories. C) a body mass index of 30 or more. D) a basal metabolic rate 30 percent lower than average for people of similar height.

Evidence that obesity is influenced by factors in addition to genetics includes the fact that A) mice injected with daily doses of leptin become less active and gain weight. B) people lose a pound of weight for every reduction of 3500 calories in their diet. C) the weights of adopted people are highly correlated with the weights of their adoptive parents. D) jobs in the United States requiring moderate physical activity have declined since 1960.

In most nonhuman mammals, female sexual receptivity is greatest when A) testosterone levels are lowest. B) testosterone levels are highest. C) estrogen levels are lowest. D) estrogen levels are highest.

Research on the sexual response cycle indicates that A) men and women experience an equally long refractory period following orgasm. B) women undergo a decrease in physiological arousal more slowly if they have experienced orgasm than if they have not. C) enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception. D) during the resolution phase, sexual excitement increases in women but decreases in men.

A problem that consistently interferes with one's ability to complete the sexual response cycle is called a(n) A) STI. B) paraphilia. C) sexual dysfunction. D) refractory period.

People with paraphilias do experience sexual desire, but they direct it in unusual ways. For example, in necrophilia, the person A) has a sexual attraction to corpses. B) experiences sexual arousal toward young children. C) has a constant urge to ejaculate. D) derives pleasure from self-exposure.

Gender differences in erotic plasticity are best illustrated by the fact that women A) have longer refractory periods than do men. B) tend to be more changeable than men in sexual orientation. C) are less likely than men to be equally aroused by male and female erotic stimuli. D) become aware of their sexual orientation much earlier in life than do men.

Which division of the nervous system calms the body after an emergency has passed? A) somatic B) central C) sympathetic D) parasympathetic

Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to the A) hippocampus. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) amygdala.

Children who are neglected or who grow up in institutions without a sense of belonging are especially at risk for A) developing chain migration. B) becoming narcissistic. C) having difficulty developing deep attachments. D) developing autonomy.

The autonomic nervous system regulates the ________ that accompanies different emotions. A) conscious experiences B) expressive behaviors C) physiological arousal D) subjective well-being

The Yerkes-Dodson law describes the relationship between A) stress hormones and bodily arousal. B) bodily arousal and task performance. C) emotional intensity and bodily arousal. D) cognitive appraisal and emotional experience.

The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory. A) cognitive activity B) the autonomic nervous system C) physiological arousal D) stress hormones

Unlike simple fears that involve automatic processing, complex feelings of love and hatred typically involve A) bodily arousal. B) expressive behavior. C) conscious interpretation. D) the low road of emotional processing.

When asked to describe personal episodes that made them feel particularly bad about themselves, about four times in five, people describe a(n) A) sexual dysfunction. B) academic failure. C) relationship difficulty. D) physical illness.

Unlike the low-road brain pathway, the high road for emotional responses extends through the A) thalamus. B) cortex. C) hypothalamus. D) cerebellum.

According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused. A) before; before B) before; after C) after; at the same time as D) at the same time as; after

The lingering arousal associated with one emotional state can intensify a completely different state of emotion. This is called A) the spillover effect. B) the Yerkes-Dodson law. C) the insula effect. D) the polygraph principle.

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the body's arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system in the same way that subjective awareness of emotion is related to the A) cortex. B) hypothalamus. C) thalamus. D) parasympathetic nervous system.

Compared with non-Internet users, today's online social networkers are likely to experience ________ relationships with their existing friends and are ________ likely to know their real-world neighbors. A) strengthened; more B) weakened; less C) strengthened; less D) weakened; more

Those who engage in excess Internet socializing during work hours should be reminded that electronic message alerts, Facebook postings, and Internet pop-ups hijack A) ostracism. B) self-disclosure. C) attention. D) narcissism.

The desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for control; and for attaining a high standard is called A) need to belong. B) affiliation C) achievement motivation. D) social isolation

Grit can best be described as A) the need to belong. B) the need for affiliation C) a lowered awareness of self and time. D) passionate dedication to an ambitious goal.

Most participants reported feeling more happy than sad after rubberbands secured to the sides of their faces were stretched over the tops of their heads. Their reactions best illustrated A) the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. B) the adaptation-level principle. C) the facial feedback effect. D) the spillover effect.

Repeatedly saying the word me puts people in a better mood than repeatedly saying you. This best illustrates the A) catharsis hypothesis. B) feel-good, do-good phenomenon. C) adaptation-level phenomenon. D) facial feedback effect.

Which basic emotion is facially expressed by brows drawn together and downward, eyes fixed, and mouth squarish? A) anger B) fear C) surprise D) interest

People tend to describe their experienced emotions along the two dimensions of A) physical and social. B) clarity and stability. C) valence and arousal. D) expressiveness and meaningfulness.

Ruminating inwardly about why you are angry is likely to A) reduce your level of physical arousal. B) increase bloodflow in the amygdala. C) reduce your feelings of anger. D) increase your level of subjective well-being.

Which of the following best illustrates the do-good, feel-good phenomenon? A) finding money makes people more likely to give money B) people are more likely to volunteer their time to help others after they succeed on a challenging task C) donating a kidney to another person increases the donor's subjective well-being D) picking up someone's dropped papers is more likely after people recall a happy event