Mastering Biology Plant Growth

Which of the following is not a type of primary meristematic cell found in apical meristems? a) Vascular cambium b) Ground meristem c) Procambium d) Protoderm

Which structure determines the direction of root growth by sensing gravity? a) Mucigel b) Pith c) Root hairs d) Root cap

True or false? Plant growth involves both the production of new cells by mitosis and the expansion of cell volume.

Which of the following statements about the vascular cambium is true? a) It is a layer of undifferentiated cells that develops into secondary xylem and phloem. b) It is located between the primary xylem and cortex. c) It is a type of apical meristem. d) It develops into cork cells on the outside of the cortex.

Why do plants need secondary growth? a) To grow taller b) To produce a more extensive root system c) To produce new leaves d) To provide structural support for the plant

Which of the following parts of a plant remains on the plant even after several years of growth? a) Epidermis b) Primary phloem c) Cortex d) Primary xylem

True or false? Primary growth can occur at both the apical and lateral meristems at the tips of the roots and stems in a plant.

Secondary growth NEVER occurs in _____. a) roots b) stems c) stems and leaves d) roots and leaves e) leaves

_____ provides cells for secondary growth. a) Vascular cambium b) Secondary xylem c) The root d) Secondary phloem e) Apical meristem

Vascular cambium forms wood toward the stem's _____ and secondary phloem toward the stem's _____. a) center ... surface b) center ... center c) top ... bottom d) surface ... surface e) surface ... center

What is the function of cork? a) providing cells for primary growth b) providing cells for secondary growth c) insulation and waterproofing d) providing a site for photosynthesis e) regulating the opening and closing of stomata

How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained? a) by the differentiation of apical meristem b) by the differentiation of secondary phloem c) by the differentiation of cork d) by the division of its cells e) by the differentiation of secondary xylem

Which of these are symbiotic associations? a) symplast b) root hairs c) Casparian strips d) apoplasts e) mycorrhizae

In roots the _____ forces water and solutes to pass through the plasma membranes of _____ cells before entering the _____. a) Casparian strip ... endodermis ... xylem b) Casparian strip ... ectoderm ... xylem c) xylem ... endodermis ... Casparian strip d) transpiration ... endodermis ... xylem e) Casparian strip ... endodermis ... phloem

_____ provide(s) the major force for the movement of water and solutes from roots to leaves. a) Translocation b) Transfer cells c) Root pressure d) Bulk flow e) Transpiration

_____ bonds are responsible for the cohesion of water molecules. a) Peptide b) Hydrogen c) Ionic d) Nonpolar covalent e) Polar covalent

_____ cells are the cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata, thus playing a role in regulating transpiration. a) Sieve-tube member b) Companion c) Guard d) Casparian strip e) Tracheid