Biology 1407- Exam 2

24 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
65 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (61)
question
According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats ____. A. in conjunction with insects that pollinated them. B. in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil. C. to escape abundant herbivores in the oceans. D. only about 150 million years ago.
answer
B. in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil.
question
The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably ____. A. kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines. B. green algae. C. photosynthesizing prokaryotes (cyanobacteria). D. liverworts and mosses.
answer
B. green algae.
question
What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land? A. Waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves. B. Loss of structures that produce spores. C. Sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves. D. Remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells.
answer
A. Waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves.
question
Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit? A. They were tied to the water for reproduction and thus needed to remain in close contact with most soil. B. Their ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air. C. Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants. D. There was less competition for space so they simply spread out flat.
answer
B. Their ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air.
question
Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants _____. A. protects the zygote from herbivores. B. evolved concurrently with pollen. C. helps in dispersal of the zygote. D. allows it to be nourished by the parent plant.
answer
D. allows it to be nourished by the parent plant.
question
Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"? A. Plantae. B. Pterophyta. C. Bryophyta. D. Charophycea.
answer
A. Plantae
question
The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure below. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis, mitosis, or fertilization. In the figure above, which number represents the mature gametophyte? A. 1 B. 3 C. 7 D. 11
answer
C. 7
question
In the figure above, which number represents an embryo? A. 1 B. 3 C. 7 D. 11
answer
D. 11
question
Stomata ____. A. occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group. B. open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss. C. occur in all land plants and are the same as pores. D. open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange.
answer
B. open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss.
question
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common? A. They are all wind pollinated. B. They are heterosporous. C. They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae. D. They require water for reproduction.
answer
D. They require water for reproduction.
question
Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure? A. They use stomata for gas exchange regulation. B. They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere. C. Photosynthesis occurs throughout the entire gametophyte surface. D. They have branching veins in their leaves.
answer
B. They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere.
question
What is true about the genus Sphangum? A. It is an economically important liverwort. B. It grows in extensive mats in grassland areas. C. It accumulates to form coal and is burned as a fuel. D. It is an important carbon sink, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
answer
D. It is an important carbon sink, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
question
Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution? A. The trend toward smaller size. B. The trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle. C. The trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle. D. The trend toward larger gametophytes.
answer
C. The trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle.
question
Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the pollen tube of angiosperms? A. Male gametophyte. B. Female gametophyte. C. Male sporophyte. D. Female sporophyte.
answer
A. Male gametophyte.
question
Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves, with the adaptive advantage of ______. A. increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis. B. increased surface area, increasing gas exchange. C. decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange. D. decreased surface area, reducing water loss.
answer
D. decreased surface area, reducing water loss.
question
Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1. Sporophyte 2. Microspores 3. Microsporangia. 4. Pollen cone. 5. Pollen nuclei. A. 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 B. 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 C. 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 D. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1
answer
A. 1, 4, 3, 2, 5
question
Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that _____. A. favor pollination. B. foster seed dispersal. C. decrease competition. D. inhibit herbivory.
answer
D. inhibit herbivory.
question
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents. The yolk of an animal egg has what type of analog in angiosperms? A. Endosperm. B. Carpels. C. Fruit. D. Seed coat.
answer
A. Endosperm.
question
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents. The shell of a fertilized animal egg has what type of analog in angiosperms? A. Endosperm. B. Carpels. C. Fruit. D. Seed coat.
answer
D. Seed coat.
question
Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? A. Root cap. B. Root hairs. C. The thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem. D. Storage roots.
answer
B. Root hairs.
question
What is the primary function of stems? A. Facilitation of gas exchange. B. Water absorption and movement. C. Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves. D. Reproduction.
answer
C. Maximization of photosynthesis by leaves.
question
One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that _____. A. only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. B. root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. C. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. D. leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.
answer
C. a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots.
question
Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants? A. Too much sunlight. B. A shortage of carbon dioxide. C. Desiccation. D. Animal predation.
answer
C. Desiccation.
question
Trichomes _____. A. absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves. B. open and close for gas exchange. C. repel or trap insects. D. increase water loss from leaves.
answer
C. repel or trap insects.
question
Which structure is correctly paired with its tissue system? A. Root hair--- vascular tissue. B. Guard cell--- vascular tissue. C. Companion cell--- ground tissue. D. Tracheid--- vascular tissue.
answer
D. Tracheid--- vascular tissue.
question
The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the _____. A. cortex. B. stele. C. periderm. D. pith.
answer
B. stele.
question
Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division? A. A parenchyma cell near the root tip. B. A functional sieve tube element. C. A tracheid. D. A stem fiber.
answer
A. A parenchyma cell near the root tip.
question
Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant? A. Parenchyma cells. B. Collenchyma cells. C. Sclerenchyma cells. D. Tracheids and vessel elements.
answer
B. Collenchyma cells.
question
Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity? A. Parenchyma cells. B. Collenchyma cells. C. Tracheids and vessel elements. D. Sieve-tube elements.
answer
C. Tracheids and vessel elements.
question
Plant meristematic cells ______. A. are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant. B. are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. C. increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs. D. subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma, ground meristem, and procambium.
answer
B. are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells.
question
Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ____. A. perennial. B. weedy. C. indeterminate. D. primary.
answer
C. indeterminate.
question
Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as _______. A. dermal and ground tissue. B. lateral tissues. C. pith. D. secondary tissues.
answer
D. secondary tissues.
question
Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age? A. Number of apical bud scar rings. B. Number of leaf scars. C. Number and arrangement of axillary buds. D. Length of inernodes.
answer
A. Number of apical bud scar rings.
question
A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers and then dies would be considered ______. A. annual. B. biennial. C. perennial. D. not very fit.
answer
A. annual.
question
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward? A. Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation. B. Zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division. C. Zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation. D. Zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation.
answer
A. Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation.
question
Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots? A. Endodermis. B. Phloem. C. Epidermis. D. Pericycle.
answer
D. Pericycle.
question
Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are ____. A. vascular cambium, producing cork; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem. B. vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing secondary phloem. C. vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork. D. vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem; cork cambium, producing secondary xylem.
answer
C. vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem; cork cambium, producing cork.
question
Which of the following structures is a male reproductive structure? A. Archegonia. B. Megaspore. C. Pollen cone. D. Pistil.
answer
C. Pollen cone.
question
In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants, gametes are produced by the A. sporangia. B. fruit. C. gametophyte. D. homosphores. E. strobili.
answer
C. gametophyte.
question
All land plants have __________ life cycle(s). A. a diplontic B. an alternation of generations C. both diplontic and alternation of generations D. haplontic and alternation of generations E. haplontic, diplontic, and alternation of generations.
answer
B. an alternation of generations
question
In the moss life cycle, the _____ is the dominant generation. A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte
answer
A. haploid gametophyte
question
When a moss spore lands on an appropriate site, it germinates into the first stage of the gametophyte called a(n) A. antheridium B. rhizoid C. archegonium D. protonema E. thallus
answer
D. protonema
question
The fiddlehead is a ___________ that unfolds into a __________. A. diploid gametophyte; fern frond. B. diploid sporophyte; fern frond. C. haploid sporophyte; fern frond. D. haploid gametophyte; fern frond. E. diploid gametophyte; moss plant.
answer
B. diploid sporophyte; fern frond.
question
The four groups of living gymnosperm include all of the following EXCEPT A. horsetail. B. cycads. C. conifers. D. gnetophytes. E. ginkgoes.
answer
A. horsetail.
question
The dominant plants in modern times are the A. gymnosperms. B. angiosperms. C. club mosses. D. ferns.
answer
B. angiosperms.
question
Products of pine trees include A. turpentine. B. wood for construction. C. tea and pine nuts. D. All of the above.
answer
D. All of the above.
question
Plant species are _______ when the male and female reproductive parts are on different individuals of the same species. A. dioecious B. monoecious C. tetraploid D. bryophytes
answer
A. dioecious
question
Coal was formed from the remains of the A. angiosperms that are now the dominant plant life on Earth. B. seedless vascular plants from the Carboniferous Period. C. cyclads that dominated The Triassic Period. D. marine algae that flourished during the Cambrian Period.
answer
B. seedless vascular plants from the Carboniferous Period.
question
The cortex found in the center of a dicot stem or a monocot root is made of what type of tissue? A. Ground tissue. B. Epithelial tissue. C. Vascular tissue. D. Dermal tissue.
answer
A. Ground tissue.
question
Which of the following tissues forms the outer protective covering of the plant? A. Epidermal tissue. B. Ground tissue. C. Meristematic tissue. D. Vascular tissue.
answer
A. Epidermal tissue.
question
The layers of cells that protect the root apical meristem are the A. cortex. B. endodermis. C. bark. D. root cap. E. periderm.
answer
D. root cap.
question
Which of these plant tissue types is composed of sieve-tube elements and companion cells, and transports organic nutrients made in the leaves? A. Xylem. B. Phloem. C. Collenchyma. D. Sclerenchyma. E. Parenchyma.
answer
B. Phloem.
question
Roots that develop from organs of the shoot system, they are known as A. adventitious roots. B. prop roots. C. fibrous roots. D. taproots.
answer
A. adventitious roots.
question
An axillary bud may produce A. nothing- it is shed with the leaf. B. a lateral branch or a flower. C. wood and lateral branches. D. inhibitors of growth.
answer
B. a lateral branch or a flower.
question
Identify this plant as a monocot or eudicot after examining its stem and leaf. A. This plant is a monocot. B. This plant is a dicot. C. Not enough information is provided to differentiate the plant as a monocot or dicot.
answer
A. This plant is a monocot.
question
Plants that bear leaves the entire year are _____________ and those that lose their leaves every year are called __________. A. vascular plants; nonvascular plants. B. evergreens; deciduous. C. monoecious; dioecious. D. angiosperms; gymnosperms.
answer
B. evergreens; deciduous.
question
Plant roots function to A. anchor the plant. B. store the products of photosynthesis. C. produce hormones that stimulate stem growth. D. All of the choices are plant root functions. E. A and B only are correct.
answer
D. All of the choices are plant root functions.
question
The name monocot and eudicot are derived from the differences in the number of A. roots. B. cotyledons. C. seeds. D. None of the choices are correct.
answer
B. cotyledons.
question
If there is only one egg in the ovule, why are two sperm needed for fertilization? A. One sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm united with the central cell nuclei to form endosperm. B. Only one is needed; after one fertilizes the egg, the other disintegrates. C. Both unite the central cell to form triploid endosperm. D. Both unite with the egg, forming both a zygote and endosperm.
answer
A. One sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm united with the central cell nuclei to form endosperm.
question
The microspore develops into a A. megasporocyte. B. female gametophyte. C. microsporocyte. D. male gametophyte. E. zygote.
answer
D. male gametophyte.
question
The structures in the outermost ring of the floral structures that cover and protect the bud are A. carpels. B. sepals. C. receptacles. D. petals. E. stamens.
answer
B. sepals.
question
Ovules are contained within the A. ovary. B. stigma. C. anther. D. filament. E. style.
answer
A. ovary.
question
Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces A. a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus. B. a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm. C. a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote. D. a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm. E. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
answer
E. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.
question
The function of a endosperm is to A. form the seedling. B. develop into the fruit. C. provide water to the embryo. D. provide nutrients to the embryo. E. provide a protective coating for the embryo.
answer
D. provide nutrients to the embryo.
question
The function of a fruit is to A. attract pollinators. B. protect and help disperse seeds. C. supply nutrients to the embryo. D. protect flower buds.
answer
B. protect and help disperse seeds.