Chapter 43 Masteringbiology

How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf? - CO2 is moved by active transport into the leaf by special cells called guard cells. - CO2 passes through openings called stomata on the leaf surface. - CO2 diffuses through the epidermal cells into the mesophyll. - CO2 travels dissolved in the water in the xylem. - Atmospheric pressure forces CO2 through pits on the leaf surface.

Secondary growth NEVER occurs in _____. - leaves - stems and leaves - roots - stems - roots and leaves

____ provides cells for secondary growth. - Vascular cambium - Secondary phloem - Secondary xylem - Apical meristem - The root

Vascular cambium forms wood toward the stem's _____ and secondary phloem toward the stem's _____. - surface ... center - center ... center - surface ... surface - top ... bottom - center ... surface

What is the function of cork? - regulating the opening and closing of stomata - providing a site for photosynthesis - providing cells for primary growth - providing cells for secondary growth - insulation and waterproofing

How is the supply of vascular cambium maintained? - by the differentiation of apical meristem - by the differentiation of secondary xylem - by the division of its cells - by the differentiation of cork - by the differentiation of secondary phloem

In a dicot stem, the ________ is between the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. - vascular cambium - phloem - vascular cylinder - cork - xylem

Which of these tissues is between the epidermis and the vascular bundle in a young dicot stem? - phloem - pith - cortex - ground tissue - xylem

Which of the following makes up most of an old tree trunk? - secondary xylem - primary phloem - meristem tissue - primary xylem - secondary phloem

In leaves, chloroplasts are found in _____. - xylem - palisade mesophyll - phloem - cuticle

Most of a carrot, a root adapted for carbohydrate storage, is: - endodermis. - phloem. - xylem. - pericycle. - cortex.

Root hairs develop from the: - Casparian strip. - pericycle. - cortex. - endodermis. - epidermis.

The location of the pericyle is best described as: - the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder. - just beneath the epidermis. - adjacent to the apical meristem. - lining the cells of the endodermis. - between layers of primary xylem and primary phloem.

Under the influence of hormones, branch roots emerge from the ________ of a growing root. - central cylinder - endodermis - epidermis - Casparian strip - pericycle

On the tip of the root, the apical meristem forms the ________, which prevents the meristem from being worn away as it pushes through the soil. - cortex - root cap - epidermis - endodermis - pericycle

You found the following plants growing on campus during a field trip: a small plant with a notable absence of root hairs; a short, stubby plant with an enlarged taproot; a tall annual herb with fungal strands extending from its roots; a low-growing plant with nodules on the roots; and a woody shrub with an extensive fibrous root system. Based on this scenario, which plant is most likely a legume with nitrogen-fixing bacteria? - the woody shrub with the fibrous root system - the plant with the root nodules - the plant with no root hairs - the plant with the enlarged taproot - the annual herb with the fungal-root association

The concentration of nutrients in plants is approximately the same as the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding soil. - True - False

Diffusion doesn't require energy. Why do plants expend energy in active transport to transport minerals into root hairs? - Minerals are strongly attracted to soil particles. - Mineral concentrations in the soil are too high for diffusion. - Minerals are too large for diffusion. - Mineral concentrations in the soil are too low for diffusion.

All of the following are part of a plant's shoot system EXCEPT: - mycorrhizae. - flowers. - stem. - buds. - leaves.

What cellular feature allows a mineral such as manganese to diffuse from cell to cell after being taken up by roots? - microfilaments - secondary cell walls - sieve plates - plasmodesmata - microtubules

Bacteria-containing nodules in the roots of legume plants aid in the utilization of: - trace elements. - carbon dioxide. - nitrogen. - water. - phosphates.

Water flows upward in some xylem tubes and downward in others. - True - False

The ________ theory explains the movement of water and minerals through xylem. - bulk-flow theory - assisted diffusion theory - cohesiontension theory - translocation theory - pressure-flow theory

In the cohesion-tension theory, "cohesion" refers to the: - use of water in photosynthesis, resulting in a shortage of water in the leaf. - tendency of water molecules to be attracted to minerals in the water. - attraction of water molecules for one another. - evaporation of water from the stomata of the leaf. - process of osmosis that pulls water into the root.

When potassium ion is transported into guard cells, water: - enters by osmosis. - is actively transported out of the cells. - moves to the edge of the cell. - leaves by osmosis. - is actively transported into the cells.

Which of these processes is responsible for leaves being considered sugar sources? - catabolism - Krebs cycle - photosynthesis - citric acid cycle - glycolysis

_____ transport(s) sugars from leaves to, for example, taproots. - Blood vessels - Tracheids - Vessel elements - Xylem - Phloem

Sugar moves from leaves into the _____ of _____ by _____. - sieve-tube members ... xylem ... active transport - tracheids ... phloem ... diffusion - tracheids ... phloem ... active transport - sieve-tube members ... phloem ... active transport - sieve-tube members ... phloem ... diffusion

The water pressure that pushes water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink is referred to as _____. - translocation - transpiration - bulk flow - solute pressure - root pressure

Water moves into phloem by _____. - osmosis - endocytosis - root pressure - active transport - transpiration

At a sugar sink, sugar is removed from phloem by _____. - osmosis - root pressure - active transport - diffusion - transpiration

In a sugar sink, such as a taproot, sugar is converted into _____. - glycogen - cellulose - fatty acids - starch - proteins

_____ is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to taproots; _____ is responsible for the movements of sugar from taproots to leaves. - Bulk flow ... bulk flow - Bulk flow ... root pressure - Root pressure ... bulk flow - Bulk flow ... transpiration - Transpiration ... transpiration

Tree roots are a ________ of sugars in spring and a ________ in the fall. - source; source - sink; sink - sink; source - source; sink