Biology Chapter 35

6) Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system? A) root hair B) cuticle C) periderm D) pith E) phloem

25) Plants contain meristems whose major function is to A) attract pollinators. B) absorb ions. C) photosynthesize. D) produce more cells. E) produce flowers.

28) The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily A) continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root. B) continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem. C) elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. D) the elongation of root hairs. E) continuous cell division of root cap cells.

29) Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem. B) cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. C) cell division localized in each internode. D) cell elongation localized in each internode. E) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem.

30) Axillary buds A) are initiated by the cork cambium. B) have dormant meristematic cells. C) are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes. D) grow immediately into shoot branches. E) do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot.

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root. I. root cap II. zone of elongation III. zone of cell division IV. zone of cell maturation V. apical meristem 31) Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward? A) I, II, V, III, IV B) III, V, I, II, IV C) II, IV, I, V, III D) IV, II, III, I, V E) I, V, III, II, IV

33) Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots? A) endodermis B) phloem C) cortex D) epidermis E) pericycle

34) A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem. The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem. B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the meristem. C) preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. D) elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical meristem. E) formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem.

36) Which of the following is a true statement about growth in plants? A) Only primary growth is localized at meristems. B) Some plants lack secondary growth. C) Only stems have secondary growth. D) Only secondary growth produces reproductive structures. E) Monocots have only primary growth, and eudicots have only secondary growth.

38) What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest? A) closing of the stomata B) lateral buds C) apical dominance D) absence of petioles E) intercalary meristems

39) A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following? A) pruning shoot tips B) deep watering of the roots C) fertilizing D) treating the plants with auxins E) feeding the plants nutrients

40) What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant? A) increases apical dominance B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds C) produces a plant that will grow taller D) stimulates lateral buds to grow E) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot

41) Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity? A) secondary xylem B) leaves C) trichomes D) tubers E) cortex

42) A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant? A) herbaceous eudicot B) woody eudicot C) woody monocot D) herbaceous monocot E) woody annual

43) Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as A) dermal and ground tissue. B) lateral tissues. C) pith. D) secondary tissues. E) shoots and roots.

44) Which of the following is a true statement? A) Flowers may have secondary growth. B) Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves. C) Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. D) Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. E) Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

45) What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree? A) primary xylem B) secondary xylem C) secondary phloem D) mesophyll cells E) vascular cambium

47) Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells? A) vascular cambium B) apical meristem C) endodermis D) phloem E) xylem

62) The innermost layer of the root cortex is the A) core. B) pericycle. C) endodermis. D) pith. E) vascular cambium.

63) Heartwood and sapwood consist of A) bark. B) periderm. C) secondary xylem. D) secondary phloem. E) cork.

64) The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by A) a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. B) the initiation of secondary growth. C) the formation of lateral roots. D) a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems. E) the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

66) Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? A) secondary xylem B) leaves C) dermal tissue D) tubers E) secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

46) If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, A) the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. B) the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. C) the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. D) the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. E) the summer wood, bark, and phloem.

54) Which of the following statements is false? A) A preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing cell. B) The way in which a plant cell differentiates is determined by the cell's position in the developing plant body. C) Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis. D) Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off." E) Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced.

61) Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of A) cell differentiation. B) morphogenesis. C) cell division. D) cell elongation. E) reproduction.