Health Psych Quiz 1

6 September 2022
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​During the first few years of the 21st century, deaths from some chronic diseases in the United States
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began to decrease while deaths not due to lifestyles began to increase.
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​How do the numbers of Americans dying each year from chronic diseases compare to the numbers of Americans living with chronic diseases each year?
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​About 65 times as many people live with them as die from them every year.
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​Presently, physicians and health psychologists are most likely to agree that psychosomatic illnesses are
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​linked to a complex of biological, psychological, and social factors.
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​In the United States, people living below the poverty level generally
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​are more likely to have lower levels of education & ​are more likely members of ethnic minority groups.
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What best reflects an advantage of the biopsychosocial model of health?
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​It treats health as a positive state rather than a negative of illness.
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​The discipline that seeks to improve health and the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of illness through integrating psychology's behavioral knowledge with medicine's biological knowledge is called
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behavioral medicine.
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​The biomedical model of disease
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​conceives of disease as caused by being exposed to specific pathogens.
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In which ethnic group(s) is septicemia among the 10 foremost causes of death?
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African Americans
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​Hypothetically, if you considered yourself plus your five nearest neighbors, all adults, how many of you would be likely to have one or more chronic diseases in a given year, based on current/recent statistics?
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​Nearly three of six
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​Stefan is highly wealthy and attributes his good health largely to his positive living habits of adhering to a nutritious diet and regular exercise, avoiding harmful substances, and minimizing and managing stress. Stefan is most likely to
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be very highly educated.
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​_________ diseases are a class of diseases that include heart disease, cancer, and stroke.
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chronic
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​In contrast to the biopsychosocial model, the biomedical model views health as
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the absence of disease.
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​Behavioral medicine assumes
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​the combination of behavioral and medical sciences.
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​Sheldon Cohen's research on the common cold showcases that the ________ approach to understanding sickness and infection is inadequate.
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biomedical
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​What do current death rate statistics resulting from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases reflect most about health and health care trends in the United States?
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An increase in the aging population
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Pneumonia and influenza (together) account for one of the 10 leading causes of death in which ethnic group(s)?
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European Americans
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​The field of health psychology developed
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​to address challenges in medical care, which was changing
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What is most accurate about recent statistics on death rates relative to education?
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​People with college educations die less than half as often as high school graduates.
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​Health psychologist Angela Bryan has begun to investigate genetic influences on
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​people's responses to interventions with physical activity.
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Currently, the leading cause of death in the United States is cancer.​
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false
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​Health psychology is
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​a discipline within psychology related to health.
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​Carla is a teenager living in poverty who is pregnant. What is true about associated health risks to her and her baby?
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​Her baby is more likely to have low birth weight, raising mortality risk.
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​Compared to historically, Americans today have
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more control over their health, but many people do not utilize it.
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​​In Table 1.1 of your textbook, why are some causes of death not listed for each ethnic group?
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​They are not leading causes of death for those groups.
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During the past 30 years, death rate from heart disease in the United States has declined. At the same time,
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medical care expenses have increased.
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​One hundred years ago, the majority of American deaths were due to
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disease from bacteria.
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​What is true about the time frames of diseases 100 years ago in the United States?
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​Illnesses lasted longer because fewer treatments existed then.
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​The single most important contributor to an increase in life expectancy is
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the decrease in the infant mortality rate.
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​Which of these most accurately describes how medical costs interact with life expectancy in the United States today?
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​Older Americans today represent more of Americans with chronic diseases.
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​Behavioral medicine assumes
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​the combination of behavioral and medical sciences.
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​Many medical advances during the 19th century were prompted by the biomedical model that
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led to a search for microscopic organisms that cause disease.
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​When comparing how two American ethnic groups rank in life expectancy with each other and with other world nations, which of these is true?
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African Americans rank half as high as European Americans, both lower than the Japanese.
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In a 2013 interview, award-winning popular singer Linda Ronstadt told Dan Rather she could no longer sing, as she had lost that kind of control over her voice due to Parkinson's disease. Deaths caused by this diagnosis have been _______ in recent years.
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more
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Health psychologists are most likely to see health​
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​from a biopsychosocial viewpoint
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Most experts in health psychology recommend that​
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health psychologists should have at least two years of postdoctoral training.
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​All of the following are factors in life expectancy EXCEPT:
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mother's personality
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​What is most accurate about recent statistics on death rates relative to education?
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​People with college educations die less than half as often as high school graduates
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​Janelle, a health psychologist, could do any of the following tasks EXCEPT
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​design drug trials to enable doctors to find a drug to treat breast cancer.
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Individuals who have gone to college have lower death rates from ______ than those who have not.
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unintentional injuries, chronic and infectious diseases
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​Diseases that killed most people a century ago were more often from
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others who were ill than food or water.
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​How much has health care in America gone up in cost per person, per year, between 1970 and 2013?
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To more than seven times what it was
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​Chronic illnesses in the U.S. are responsible for the majority of health care spending. In which category do they account for the largest proportion of money spent?
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Prescriptions that are written
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​According to the National Center for Health Statistics (2016), the main causes of death for people aged 1-44 years are ranked in which order, from high to low?
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Unintentional injuries; suicide; homicide
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​What best reflects an advantage of the biopsychosocial model of health?
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​It treats health as a positive state rather than a negative of illness.
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​Based on research by Sheldon Cohen and colleagues, which of these people is more likely to catch a cold if they are all exposed to someone who has it?
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​Zvi, who has just succeeded in coping with divorce and custody
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African Americans have a higher death rate than European Americans.
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true
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Stress is the leading cause of death in the United States.​
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false
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Death rates in the United States from both heart disease and cancer are declining.​
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true
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​The increase in life expectancy since 1900 is due mostly to
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none of these things
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Among historical and cultural perspectives about health, which one of the following is most different from the others?​
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Western Africans'
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​During the last quarter of the 20th century, psychology became involved in the field of health primarily by
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​studying behaviors related to disease and health.
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​Chronic diseases
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develop and persist over a period of time.
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​Cardiovascular disease and cancer account for _____ of all deaths in the US.
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more than a half
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​People who graduate from college show the following positive outcomes EXCEPT
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​more likely to eat a high-fat diet.
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​Which of the following is most correct about health care in the United States today?
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​People historically had more control over their health than they have today.
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In 1900, most deaths in the United States were caused by ____, whereas today most are due to ____.
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​infectious diseases. . . chronic diseases
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African Americans are more likely to die from _______ than European, Hispanic, or Asian Americans.
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diabetes and stroke
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​Rhona is a 32-year-old African American college professor. Gena is a 32-year-old Hispanic American engineer. Leah is a 32-year-old European American who has been unemployed for most of the past 10 years and living below the poverty level. Helen is a 32
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Leah
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​Health psychology is best defined as the scientific study of those behaviors related to
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​health enhancement, disease prevention, and rehabilitation
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Which statement is most accurate about education and health?
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Educated people have more access to health information, and to health care.
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Health psychologists are MOST likely to​
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be part of an interdisciplinary team.
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​Better-educated individuals report experiencing less stress than those with less education. How does this relate to their health status?
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​They report fewer symptoms because stress contributes to these.
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​Which of the following has been less influential than the others in raising our life expectancy?
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More milk pasteurization
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​Which of these is correct about relationships between statistics for mortality rates and life expectancy?
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​Infant mortality rates decrease average life expectancy for the population more than adult or elderly mortality rates.
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​Which of these most correctly describes changes in U.S. health and health care over the past century or so?
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Preventing and treating infectious diseases have enabled predomination of chronic diseases.
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The training of health psychologists includes earning doctoral degrees.​
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true
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​The work of health psychologists is similar to that of other psychologists because it includes
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​doing assessment, research, and providing services.
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​Researchers have found that having more education provides benefits
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​for people who live in various nations of the world.