Health Exam 1 Ch 1

Which of the following individual choices has a major effect on both current health and projected life expectancy? A) Genetic tendency toward obesity. B) Pollution C) Level of education D) Smoking

The medical model of health would most likely focus on which of the following? A) Controlling air and water pollution B) Lifestyle interventions to prevent chronic diseases C) Treating bacterial infections with antibiotics D) Serving marginalized populations

The number of years a person is anticipated to live based on conditions at the time of birth is A) life expectancy. B) population control. C) mortality. D) morbidity.

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically? A) Pressure from parents and family members B) Stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties C) Repeated strep infections D) Carrying a too-heavy course load

What is the leading cause of death in the United States across all age groups? A) Heart disease B) Cancer C) Cerebrovascular disease D) Unintentional injuries

Which of the following describes the rate of deaths within a certain population? A) Prevalence B) Life expectancy C) Mortality D) Morbidity

Heart disease, cancer, and diabetes are examples of A) chronic disease. B) hereditary disease. C) communicable disease. D) acute disease.

Since the early 20th century, the life expectancy of Americans has A) increased by more than 10 years. B) increased by more than 20 years. C) increased by more than 30 years. D) increased by more than 40 years

Healthy life expectancy refers to the number of years a person can expect to live A) while covered by Medicare. B) without chronic pain, disability, or significant illness. C) without pain or short-term or long-term disability. D) without cancer or diabetes.

Life expectancy 100 years ago was largely determined by A) medical history. B) lifestyle choices. C) susceptibility to chronic disease. D) susceptibility to infectious disease.

The term health is often interchangeable with the term A) adaptability. B) flexibility. C) wellness. D) pain-free.

Jerome eats healthy foods, exercises regularly, gets eight hours of sleep each night, and rarely becomes ill. His ability to ward off illness is related to which dimension of health? A) Social B) Intellectual C) Physical D) Emotional

) Jasmine has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others exemplifies which dimension of health? A) Social B) Intellectual C) Emotional D) Physical

Rashid volunteers weekly to help pick up trash in his neighborhood. This action contributes to improving which dimension of his health? A) Intellectual B) Social C) Environmental D) Spiritual

Which of the following best describes emotional health? A) Ability to be self-sufficient B) Ability to solve problems C) Ability to express or control feelings D) Ability to adapt to various social situations

An example of intellectual health is A) having a sense of meaning and purpose in your life. B) successfully interacting with others. C) having low self-efficacy. D) having a healthy curiosity about life in general.

Which of the following best describes spiritual health? A) Possessing and expressing a purpose in life B) Expressing emotions C) Having satisfying relationships D) Being able to reason and think objectively

A multidimensional concept of health that includes elements of physical, mental, emotional, and social function is A) physical and emotional health. B) holistic health care. C) health-related quality of life. D) healthy life expectancy.

The first step in modifying your health behavior to achieve overall wellness is to A) review your medical records and schedule a physical examination by a doctor. B) become aware of individual behaviors that contribute to or detract from your health. C) complete a detailed behavior change contract. D) find a reliable support person or support group.

Holistic wellness involves A) integrating mind, body, and spiritual components. B) taking nutritional supplements daily. C) combining exercise with some form of meditation. D) consuming organic foods and being treated by a naturopathic doctor.

The range of factors that influence a person's health status are known as A) ethnic or cultural traditions. B) determinants of health. C) age-related conditions. D) genetic influences on health.

Determinants of health include A) personal, social, economic, and environmental factors. B) physical, intellectual, spiritual, and cultural factors. C) nutritional, social, financial, and environmental factors. D) genetic and lifestyle factors.

Which of the following methods is an example of successful lifestyle change? A) Making a New Year's resolution to stop smoking again after failing in the past B) Creating a demanding workout plan in hopes of someday losing weight C) Beginning a daily walking program and gradually increasing your time and distance D) Stopping smoking "cold turkey"

Jackson made a goal to quit smoking by the end of the year through a lot of hard work and willpower. When he achieved this goal, he bought himself a new car. This is an example of A) repeated enabling. B) social reinforcement. C) positive reinforcement. D) negative reinforcement.

Moving from thinking about starting an exercise program to joining a club, working with a trainer to set goals, and showing up for workouts is an example of which model of behavior change? A) Health belief model B) Social cognitive model C) Transtheoretical model D) Contemplation model

Tasks that are necessary for normal functioning in society are known as A) activities of daily living. B) high-level tasks. C) low-level tasks. D) vocational activities.

Mark is a junior in college and plans to move to his own apartment before his senior year. He hopes to quit drinking, get more sleep, and spend more time exercising and studying instead of spending so much of his free time on Facebook. The best plan for Mark to succeed is for him to A) make a chart with an algorithm for coordinating all the changes. B) try to change all of his bad behaviors at once. C) select the most important behavior to change and take things one step at a time. D) worry about changing behaviors later because he'll have plenty of time to change after he finishes college.

Which of the following factors would be considered a nonmodifiable determinant of health? A) Sexual behavior B) Sleep habits C) Geographic location D) Genetics

Which of the following is an example of a belief? A) Disliking the smell of cigarette smoke B) Thinking that smoking is unhealthy and causes cancer C) Being happy no one is smoking near you D) Understanding that smoking has become more prevalent among teenagers Answer: B

Marissa has tried to quit smoking several times but ultimately failed because she lost motivation and didn't believe she could succeed. Which of the following may have contributed to her failure? A) She has a strong internal locus of control. B) She has high self-efficacy. C) She has a strong external locus of control. D) She has a strong, positive support group.

Because both of John's parents smoke, John has a higher-than-average chance of being a smoker. This is an example of A) a reinforcing factor. B) a predisposing factor. C) a confirming factor. D) an enabling factor.

Which of the following best describes an enabling factor? A) Living near a hiking trail when you want to begin a walking program B) Nagging your parents because they smoke C) Encouraging your spouse to go to the fitness club with you D) Having friends who don't exercise, but you want to start a fitness program

Poor housing, lack of funds for adequate food and clothes, and insecure employment are which type of factors that negatively affect human health? A) Biological B) Economic C) Behavioral D) Genetic

Carrie grew up in an active family. Now that Carrie lives on her own, her family continues to check in to see if she is making time for exercise. They praise her for joining a fitness club and keeping to a workout schedule. This is an example of A) a predisposing factor. B) a confirming factor. C) a reinforcing factor. D) an enabling factor.

Which model explains why a young woman who smokes is NOT likely to quit because she does not think she will get lung disease, and quitting will result in weight gain? A) Health belief model B) Social cognitive model C) Transtheoretical model D) Behavior change model

Maria's husband has agreed to join her in an exercise program. They've scheduled times to meet to run at a local park. This is an example of A) reward. B) social support. C) enabling. D) readiness.

Agents in the physical environment that can be harmful to health include which of the following? A) Minerals B) Toxins C) Water D) Nutrients

Which of the following groups of actions would most likely reduce a person's risk of premature death? A) Not smoking, avoiding junk foods, and maintaining a healthy weight B) Wearing a seat belt only when driving on the freeway and avoiding second-hand smoke C) Using natural dietary supplements, working the night shift, and spending frugally D) Avoiding excessive sun exposure and seeing at least two specialists each year

Setting achievable and incremental goals and rewarding yourself for progress are proven tips for maintaining A) ongoing support from others. B) motivation for behavior change. C) an outstanding academic record. D) a lower body-mass index.

Selective smoking bans and child restraint laws designed to protect the health of citizens are examples of A) publicity campaigns. B) public policies. C) profiling. D) public health research.

The perceived source or cause (internal or external) of events in a person's life is known as his or her A) locus of control. B) ability to reason. C) stages of behavior change. D) sense of victimization.

Jules is trying to lose weight. When she craves a high-fat treat from the local ice cream shop, she is prepared to allow herself a cup of low-fat frozen yogurt in her favorite flavor. The tactic she is using to avoid eating more calories is A) rewarding. B) manipulating. C) negotiating. D) countering.

An example of shaping is A) starting with small changes in behavior and gradually increasing the changes. B) using specific exercises to mold your body to a desired image. C) trying to influence your younger brother's behavior with rewards. D) watching a friend's behavior and then trying to mimic him or her.

Using rational, positive statements and deliberately blocking negative thoughts are ways to avoid negative A) influences. B) actions. C) self-talk. D) awareness.

Visualizing yourself successfully losing 15 pounds by choosing healthy foods at your favorite restaurant is an example of A) situational inducement. B) planned control. C) imagined rehearsal. D) modeling.

Rewarding yourself for reaching your weight loss goal with a trip to Hawaii is an example of which type of reinforcer? A) Activity B) Possessional C) Manipulative D) Social

Observing a friend's success at quitting smoking has helped you to quit a few months later, which demonstrates the process of A) copying. B) shaping. C) mirroring. D) modeling.

Carlos wants to avoid overeating and eating unhealthy food. Because of this, he may decline invitations when his friends ask him to join them at a fast food restaurant. Which method is Carlos using to control the risk of overeating? A) Modeling B) Imagined rehearsal C) Consumable reinforcer D) Situational inducement

Which of the following is the best example of a realistic, specific, and attainable goal? A) I will lose a lot of weight. B) I will lose 1 pound a week over the next four weeks. C) I will lose 10 pounds if I start exercising. D) I will lose 10 pounds if I start exercising and stop eating after 8:00 p.m.

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers serves as which type of reinforcer? A) Possessional B) Manipulative C) Social D) Activity

Behavior is a nonmodifiable determinant

Health disparities are differences in the levels of health and disease among specific population groups, such as the low-income or uninsured.

More people across all age groups die from cancer than any other chronic disease.

Daily choices influence an individual's health status and well-being.

The medical model of health focuses on the individual's reaction to his or her social and physical environment.

In the early 1900s, the ecological model or public health model became a major focus of health investigation.

Effectively controlling anger demonstrates intellectual health.

The primary goal of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 is to provide access to health insurance for millions of uninsured Americans.

Today, quality of life is recognized as being as important as years of life.

According to morbidity and mortality statistics, in the 21st century, a person is more likely to die from an infectious disease rather than from a chronic disease.

Tran is a 47-year-old-male who suffered a knee injury in high school while playing football. This injury is a biological determinant of health

The average life expectancy for an American child born in 2012 is 78.5 years.

Obesity creates a burden on the overall U.S. economy.

Mortality is defined as the proportion of deaths to the population

Under the Affordable Care Act, new health plans are banned from imposing deductibles

) Life expectancy may decline in coming years due to the prevalence of obesity and sedentary

Today, the concept of adaptability is a key element in the overall definition of health.

Believing that you will be able to run two mile miles without stopping by the end of the semester demonstrates self-efficacy.

A person who has the attitude, knowledge, skills, and resources to make change possible possesses ambition.

Learning communication and relationship skills can enhance the social dimension of health.

Having high self-esteem always improves the intellectual dimension of health.

Losing your temper because someone said something that made you angry demonstrates an external locus of control.

Developing better problem-solving and decision-making skills enhances the emotional dimension of health.

Positive reinforcers are punishments for not accomplishing goals.

Actions taken or changes in behavior designed to treat an existing illness are part of disease

Spiritual health encompasses more than simply religious beliefs.

Attaining the optimal level of well-being for your unique limitations and strengths is known as wellness.

Adolescent teens having access to cigarette vending machines is an example of a positive reinforcing factor that can influence smoking behavior.

Healthy People 2020 is the Surgeon General's health promotion plan to improve the quality of life and years of life for all Americans.

Global warming, decreased water supplies, and toxic chemicals are serious health threats with far-reaching effects worldwide.

Risk behaviors are those actions that increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes.

The Summary Plan Description (SPD) explains covered services, benefits, deductibles, copays, and network rules under a specific health insurance plan

A reinforcing factor of your weight management program would be having your clothes fit better.

Locus of control may be internal or external.

Asking your doctor to help you obtain the lowest-cost care is inappropriate.

A consumable reinforcer could be a healthy edible item that you enjoy.

The three components of the social cognitive model of behavior change are thoughts, behavior, and genetics.

When a person who wants to eat healthier and lose weight clears out unhealthy foods from the refrigerator and pantry, this is an example of situational inducement.

Economic status and geographic location have very little influence on a person's health status.

Obesity, sedentary lifestyles, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and illegal drug use result in direct and indirect costs to society.

List and briefly explain the six steps of the transtheoretical (stages of change) model of behavior change.

Explain the purpose of a behavior change contract and how it can help you make a positive change.

Compare and contrast the medical model and public health models of health.

Explain the nature of SMART goals.

When analyzing your behavior prior to making a change, which factors must you examine before making your plan?

What is self-efficacy, and why is it important in making a behavior change?

Differentiate between the health belief model, social cognitive model, and transtheoretical (stages of change) model of behavior change.

You want to improve your health by initiating an exercise program. Describe at least three ways you can maintain your motivation for regular exercise. 3

List at least three common barriers to behavior change. 3

Define self-talk and explain how you can use it to help your efforts toward change.