Brain scans reveal that identical twins have very similar _____ and _____ matter volume
answer
gray; white
question
Most scientists view the concept of race as a _____ without well-defined physical boundaries.
answer
social construct
question
As people age, _____ factors seem to grow in influence on intelligence test scores, whereas _____ factors seem to diminish in influence.
answer
genetic; environmental
question
In terms of gender differences in intellectual abilities, boys tend to score _____ on complex math problem-solving tasks than girls.
answer
higher
question
As adopted children get older, their intelligence test scores tend to become:
answer
More like their biological parents as compared to their adoptive parents.
question
Feng et al. (2007) found that playing action video games boosts _____ abilities.
answer
spatial
question
Identical twins' brains appear to be virtually the same in areas associated with _____ intelligence.
answer
verbal and spatial
question
Group differences and stereotype threat can be countered partially by having students focus on the idea that intelligence is
answer
changeable
question
Which is true of the Iranian orphans studied by J. McVicker Hunt?
answer
With no attention or care received in response to crying or other behaviors, the children did not develop a sense of control.
question
Which best summarizes the research on the impact of stereotype threat?
answer
Test-takers who are made aware of negative stereotypes against their gender/racial group will not score as high on tests.
question
Researchers use twin and _____ studies to investigate genetic and environmental influences on intelligence test scores.
answer
adoption
question
The scientific meaning of bias hinges on a test's ____
answer
validity
question
As people age, _____ factors seem to increasingly influence intelligence scores.
answer
genetic
question
Carol Dweck describes the belief that intelligence is changeable, determined, and improves with practice and training as a:
answer
growth mindset.
question
Compared to North American students, Asian students perform:
answer
better on math aptitude and achievement tests, and they spend MORE time studying.
question
An intelligence test that predicts future behavior or achievement for some groups but not for others would be assessed as being _____.
answer
biased
question
Zelda was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores that are well above average. When Zelda is 30, her performance on an intelligence test will:
answer
be more similar to her biological parents' test scores.
question
heritability
answer
refers to the extent to which differences among people are attributed to genes.
question
Biological
answer
Beatrice was adopted when she was an infant. Her adoptive parents' intelligence test scores are in the average range. Her biological parents, on the other hand, have test scores well above average. When Beatrice is 30, her performance on an intelligence test will be more similar to her _____ parents' test scores.
question
J. McVicker Hunt tried to help children raised in a destitute Iranian orphanage by using language-fostering games and other environmental enrichment activities. The infants' language development _____ dramatically and most of the children were adopted.
answer
Improved
question
Identical twins' brains are virtually the same in areas associated with _________________ intelligence
answer
verbal and spatial
question
McVickers
answer
observed the dramatic effects of early experiences and demonstrated the impact of early intervention in an Iranian orphanage.
question
Your brother is considering adopting an infant from an orphanage that has a reputation for minimal child-caregiver interaction. A 1-year-old boy is available for adoption, but he is passive and not speaking yet. What advice would you give your brother?
answer
Provided with responsive caregiving, the chances are good that the boy will learn to talk.
question
Intelligence and Experience helped launch __________________ in 1965.
answer
Project Head Start
question
Women have been found to score lower on math tests when they are tested alongside men. This best illustrates the impact of:
answer
stereo type threat
question
Stereotype threat
answer
Is a self-confirming concern that you will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
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