Exam 1 example #84639

Esperanza is having a prenatal test to remove a small sample of the placenta for genetic testing. Identify the test that her doctor is performing.

Which of the following is in the correct order of the three periods in prenatal development from conception to birth?

Which of the following can determine the sex of a fetus at the earliest point?

Clark's genotype contains a dominant gene for brown eye color and a recessive gene for blue eye color. According to the dominant-recessive gene principle, which of the following phenotypes is most likely to be observed in Clark?

Which of the following is a gene-linked abnormality?

The process of _____ involves fertilizing eggs in a laboratory dish and transferring those eggs to a woman's uterus.

_____ is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the impact of teratogens?

_____ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.

Which of the following statements about cocaine use during pregnancy is true?

Naveen is entering the third stage of childbirth, also known as the _____ stage.

Which of the following CANNOT pass through the placenta?

Tamera has a genetic disorder where her red blood cells take on a hook shape instead of the normal disk shape. The doctors tell Tamera's parents that she has _____.

All body parts eventually develop from the layers of the embryo, with the ______ producing the internal parts and the _______ producing the surface parts.

The second stage of childbirth begins with the _____ and ends with the _____.

All of the following are ways to effectively treat postpartum depression EXCEPT:

Which of the following diseases is transmitted to the newborn during delivery through the birth canal?

Sherry is expecting her second child. She bought a book to help her daughter understand how the new baby is developing in the womb. After learning some terms, Sherry asks her daughter, "Which part will develop into hair and fingernails?" The answer is the:

The fetus that Calista is carrying has just reached the age of viability, meaning that it has a chance of surviving outside of the womb. Therefore, it can be inferred that Calista is _____ weeks pregnant.

The _____ provides an environment that is temperature- and humidity-controlled, as well as shockproof.

The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the

Kelly responds to her infant son's needs in a consistent and timely way. When he is tired she puts him down for a nap, and when he is hungry she feeds him. Erikson would say that Kelly is helping her son to develop a sense of

Wren is four weeks pregnant. Which of the following stages of prenatal development is Wren currently in?

Jonathan is almost completely dependent on his parents for his wants and needs and is only just beginning to acquire language skills and sensorimotor coordination. Which of the following development periods is Jonathan in?

Fantz's research method--studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli--is referred to as the:

In a nursing class the instructor explains the vulnerability of the organ systems during formation, such as the respiratory and circulatory systems, to environmental influences. This process of organ formation is called

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment. However, her mother is overprotective and forbids Monsena from going to the backyard or garden in their house. Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns:

Influences that generally affect a generation—for example, the effect of the Vietnam war on the baby boomers--are considered ________ influences

Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her. Heather searches for the teddy bear. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of

Skylar is home with her 15-month-old daughter, Riley, when she hears angry voices outside. Skylar picks up Riley, goes to the window, and sees neighbors having a heated argument. Riley, seeing that her mother is afraid, immediately starts crying because of her ability to use:

Shelby has adjusted to the observation that his daughter, Drew, is a ________. Drew is much quieter than most of the other children, watches more than she plays, and doesn't show happiness as much as the others

A teratogen is any agent that can cause

Amir is 18 months old, exploring the world through seeing, hearing, and moving around. According to Piaget, he is in which of the following stages of cognitive development?

When people are grouped based on similar occupations, educational achievements, and financial circumstances, they are being grouped by

In the "sticky mittens" research project, it was found that:

Gwendolyn is having a prenatal test where her doctor uses high-frequency sound waves directed into her abdomen to check on her fetus. Her doctor is checking for many things, including spina bifida. She is most likely having a(n)

When she was a child, Anna's home was wrecked by a tornado and her neighbor was killed. More than 30 years later, she is still terrified of storms. This is an example of how a ________ event can influence a person's development.

Noam Chomsky believed that at birth children have a ________, comprised of the biological mechanisms needed to detect features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics

An instrument that can be used to assess infant's electrical brain activity while the infant is moving is a(n):

Renee remembers very little about the first three years of her life. Most of what she knows from that time in her life comes from pictures and videos she has seen. Psychologists find this normal and call it:

When Martha wants to feed her newborn son, she gently brushes her nipple against his cheek and he demonstrates a _____ reflex by turning his head toward the side that was touched and immediately latches on to her breast.

Lucy wants her son, Kyle, to have the best environment to help him reach his full potential. According to those who study early experiences and the brain, Lucy should:

Which of the following statements about infants and REM sleep is TRUE?

Nadine's doctor is assessing her fine motor skills, thus he is going to look at her ability to:

If we were concerned with speed of electronic signals, which of the following would help information travel faster?

Which is a FALSE statement regarding reflexes?

_____ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about brain development?

Which statement is TRUE regarding infants' perception of occluded objects?

This research method—studying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli—is referred to as the:

A national study of more than 3,000 randomly selected 4- to 24-month-olds documented that:

Your ability to process language in the left hemisphere and spatial thinking in the right hemisphere is due to:

Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can recombine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things. This aspect of language is referred to as:

A _____ is the basic unit of sound in a language.

_____ are tiny gaps between neurons.

Kevin loves to say, "Da, da, da, da" over and over again. This is an example of what type of communication?

Infants can discriminate among colors as early as:

Which of the following categories is generally NOT among first words?

Noam Chomsky believed that at birth children have a _____, comprised of the biological mechansims needed to detect features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.

Emma and Anna are identical twins who were adopted by different families a few weeks after birth. Although genetically identical, they grew up with different physical and psychological characteristics. For example, though both inherited a tendency to grow large, Anna was slim and athletic due to the active lifestyle practiced in her adoptive family. This variability can be explained by how:

_____ genes are those that make the individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age.

Which of the following statements about the effects of marijuana exposure on offspring is true?

Paul suffers from hemophilia, so he is very concerned every time he gets a cut. His best treatment option is:

Which of the following is TRUE regarding genes?

The _____ consists of three layers of cells: the endoderm, the mesoderm, and the ectoderm.

Malorie was born during her mother's 32nd week of pregnancy. Malorie would be termed a _____ baby.

A recessive gene exerts its influence only if:

The zygote first begins rapid cell division in the _____ period of prenatal development.

Jason was born with _____. The doctor tells his parents that compared to his peers, he will have a round face, flattened skull, an extra fold of skin over his eyelids, a thickened tongue, short limbs, and some intellectual difficulties.

The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

The _____ prevents large molecules like red blood cells and harmful substances, such as most bacteria and maternal wastes, from entering the fetus.

Charlie is a cooperative, attentive child who is a favorite at home and school and receives positive, instructive responses from adults. This is indicative of a(n):

Who is MOST likely to develop an X-linked disease?

Rachel is in the first period of prenatal development, just following fertilization. Even though she doesn't know it, she is in the _____ period of prenatal development.

Peter is a senior partner at his law firm and is an important member of his church and community. Both of his children are in college. Peter's situation is most representative of which period of development?

Dr. McLean has designed a study to test the cognitive skills of people in their thirties, fifties, and seventies where data are collected over the course of a day through a series of tests. What type of research approach is Dr. McLean using?

If you endorse Paul Baltes's perspective of life-span development, you would view development as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and ____________.

Danny's mother is even tempered, fair, and tactful. Seeing this, Danny, too, is growing up to be a polite, good-natured boy. This imitation or modeling of behavior mirrors the concept of _____ in Bandura's social cognitive theory.

Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that effect development.

The idea that no one age period dominates development emphasizes that the life-span perspective believes development is:

Bandura's most recent model of learning and development includes three elements: behavior, environment, and:

A(n) _____ is a carefully regulated procedure in which one or more factors is manipulated (independent variable) to see if there is a change in another factor (dependent variable).

Continuing into our late thirties, the _____ period of development is the time we establish our economic independence.

_____ is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and, for many, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.

McKenzie, age two, wants to do everything on her own. Her mother punishes her when she attempts to pour her own milk or tries to answer the phone. Erikson would say that McKenzie is likely to develop a sense of:

The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as a _____ theory of development.

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes how _____ guide(s) cognitive development.

When teaching his psychology class, Professor Sharma accentuates that developmental change occurs throughout adulthood as well as childhood. Professor Sharma is taking a(n) _____ approach to developmental change.

Based on his belief that patients who talked about their problems could be restore their psychological health, Freud developed a technique called:

The _____ issue involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change through life.

Mary is three years old and in preschool. Identify the development period that Mary is currently in.

Kelly responds to her infant son's needs in a consistent and timely way. When he is tired she puts him down for a nap, and when he is hungry she feeds him. Erikson would say that Kelly is helping her son to develop a sense of:

The maximum life span of humans:

Evette's little brother has smeared pureed carrots on his face. Evette asked her mother, "Doesn't he know he looks stupid?" While Evette is capable of _____ emotions, her little brother has not yet developed this ability.

Hannah knows that her infant son, William, has a difficult temperament. She is careful to take him to the grocery store in the off-hours when it's not crowded and there's less chance of a stranger trying to interact with him. In terms of temperament-sensitive parenting, Hannah is:

While Larissa was looking through recent family photos she had printed, her two-year-old daughter pointed to her picture and said, "Me!" This shows that her daughter is developing:

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

What did Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers show regarding the attachment process?

According to a recent meta-analysis, secure attachment in infancy was linked to:

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Chess and Thomas, he would be classified as a(n):

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to:

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class, he was quite upset. He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children. According to Chess and Thomas, what type of temperament does Josh have?

Trevor has clearly bonded with his mother, and at a recent family gathering he seemed to recognize family members he often interacts with. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, Trevor is in _____.

Blanca works long hours, and when she is home she rarely holds her baby, Joey. She is often tired and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion. It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n) _____ with his mother.

Which of the following would Erik Erikson MOST likely recommend regarding the soothing of a crying infant?

Shayla just found out that her infant's doctor is leaving, so her son, Thomas, will see a new doctor this time. To ease stranger anxiety, Shayla suggests that:

The view or model that emphasizes the ways development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment is the:

According to many developmental psychologists, soothing a crying infant will:

Stephen is taking his infant son, Todd, to the clinic today. He knows this is stressful for Todd, so he:

_____ can include connections between a wide range of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes, and also can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture.

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house. He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up. According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which phase is Anthony currently in?

When Tucker first started tying his shoe he had to think about it and move slowly. Now that he is older and has practiced tying his shoe many times, he does it without any thought. His memory for this activity has moved from _____ to _____.

Which of the following is a key criticism of Piaget's theory of sensorimotor cognitive development?

Fransisco has learned to wave bye-bye and does so every chance he gets. Sometimes he starts waving bye-bye before the grown-ups' conversation is finished, but everyone just laughs and waves with him. He is demonstrating that he is learning to use _____ to communicate.

As an infant, Mary suffered damage to _____ of the brain, causing her to have poor comprehension. Also, her speech is fluent, but incomprehensible.

Parents can expect their newborn infant to sleep through the night starting at

Research with the infants using a ribbon and a mobile was able to show that:

Nine-month-old Hector is pointing at his sippy cup. Which aspect of language is Hector utilizing?

Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her. Heather searches for the teddy bear. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of:

Whenever baby Beth hears a loud noise, she responds with a _____ reflex where she arches her back, throws back her head, flings out her arms and legs, and then rapidly closes her arms and legs.

Griffin noticed her newborn was learning to move her arms and legs by swinging them around and slowly learning how to move them deliberately. Her daughter is developing _____ motor skills.

Connor is part of an infant study where he is placed in a crib. A ribbon is tied to his ankle and when he kicks that leg it makes a mobile move. A week later, Connor is brought back to the lab and as soon as he is placed in the same crib he starts kicking. Connor is learning through:

The rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary starting at about 18 months of age is called:

The interactionist view of language development emphasizes that:

Kyle and Amy want their baby to walk early, so they take the baby's favorite toy and place it where the child cannot reach it from a crawling position. Kyle and Amy believe that this will motivate the baby to stand upright to retrieve the toy and will thus result in him walking sooner. Their belief is most consistent with the _____ systems view of development.

The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the:

Bella knows the names of all the states that comprise the United States. The names of the states are a part of Bella's _____ memory.

Recent research revealed that children who slept mostly at night during infancy had higher executive function at age four. Researchers hypothesized that this happened due to:

Sarah shows her baby a colorful block several times. The baby looks carefully at the block at first, but then turns her attention to a different toy after seeing the block a few times. If at this point Sarah shows her baby a solid green ball, the baby will again look carefully at the item. This change is called:

Two developmental psychologists are having a conversation. One follows a traditional approach to developmental change; the other follows the life-span approach. Which of the following issues would they most likely differ on?

_____ processes refer to changes in the individual's thought, intelligence, and language.

While ethological theory stresses _____ factors, ecological theory emphasizes _____ factors.

The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental theory is:

The belief that infants attach to a caregiver through a biological mechanism similar to what Lorenz found with goslings reflects the _____ perspective of development.

Lynne, five, loves to draw and color. She represents the world with words and her drawings. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, Lynne is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:

Dr. Nasrin believes that associating behavior with consequence can shape the probability of a behavior occurring. He is arguing that _____ conditioning is important for behavioral modification.

Jessica spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed. She is adjusting to decreasing strength and health, and she has made several lifestyle changes as a result. Jessica is most likely in the _____ period of development.

A researcher is interested in the effect of exercise on stamina in elderly patients. The patients are randomly assigned to be in a high-exercise or low-exercise training program for eight weeks. At the end of the program, their stamina is measured by seeing how long they can walk comfortably on a treadmill. In this study, the dependent variable is:

Keesha's father died unexpectedly in an accident when she was four years old. This incident will likely affect Keesha's development and is an example of a:

The concept of discontinuity is characterized by:

Erik Erikson's developmental theory consists of _____ stages that last from the first year of life to _____.

Individuals who have the best biological, social, and psychological age are showing:

Which of the following is NOT true of the five theoretical orientations to development?

Nellie, three, bangs her head against the wall repeatedly throughout the day. How could Skinner's concept of operant conditioning be applied to address this behavior?

Jessica, 16, is in the process of deciding what she wants to study in college. She wants to be an engineer one day and a painter the next day. Erik Erikson would say that Jessica is in the _____ stage of development.