Economics: Supply And Demand example #24107

9 December 2022
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Demand
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Combination of desire, ability, and willingness to buy a product.
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Quantity Demanded
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Amount demanded at any given price.
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Demand Schedule
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Listing showing the quantity demanded at all possible prices that might prevail in the market at any given time.
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Demand Curve
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Graph showing the quantity demanded at each and every possible price that might prevail in the market at any give time.
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Law of Demand
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Rule stating that more will be demanded at lower prices and less at higher prices, inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.
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Marginal Utility
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Satisfaction or usefulness obtained from acquiring one more unit of a product.
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Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
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Extra usefulness or additional satisfaction persona gets from acquiring or using one more unit of a product...the satisfaction you get.
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Elasticity of Demand
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Measure of the way in which the quantity demanded responds to the change in price.
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Supply
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Amount of product offered for sale at all possible prices in a market.
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Quantity Supplied
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Amount that producers bring to the market at at any given price.
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Supply Schedule
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Table showing the quantities produced or offered at each and every possible price in the marker.
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Supply Curve
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Graph showing the quantities supplied at each and every possible price in the marker.
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Law of Supply
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Principle that more will be offered for sale at higher and prices and less at lower prices.
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Market Supply Curve
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Supply curve that shows the quantities offered at various prices BY ALL FIRMS that sell product in a given market.
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Elasticity of Supply
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Measure of the way in which the quantity supplied responds to a change in price.
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Cost of Production
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Amount of money, resources, raw materials, labor, and production it takes to make a good, item, or service.
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Fixed Costs
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Costs of production that don't change when the output changes.
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Variable Costs
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Production costs that vary as the output changes (labor, energy, raw materials).
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Total Costs
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Variable plus fixed costs, all costs associated with production.
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Law of Supply and Demand
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Supply of good and service increase when demand is great (and prices are high) and will fall when demand is low (and prices are low).
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Equilibrium Price
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Price where the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded, price that clears the market.
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Surplus
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Situation where quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded at a given price.
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Shortage
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Situation where quantity supplied is less than quantity demanded at a given price.
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Price Ceiling
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Maximum legal price that can be charged for a product.
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Price Floor
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Lowest legal price that can be paid for a good or service.
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income, tastes, substitutes, complements, expectations, number of consumers
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6 Factors That Affect Demand
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Elastic Demand
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Changes in price cause a LARGE change in quantity demanded.
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Inelastic Demand
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Changes in price cause a SMALL change in quantity demanded.
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Necessity, substituitability, income
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3 Factors Affecting Elasticity of Demand
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Ability to adjust
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1 Factor Affecting Elasticity of Supply
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Cost of resources, productivity, technology, taxes, expectations, regulations, sellers
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7 factors that will cause a change in supply
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left
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Supply goes up and curves goes _____.
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right
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Supply goes down and curves goes _____.
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right
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Shortage is on ______ side of demand curve.
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left
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Surplus is on ______ side of demand curve.
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inverse relationship
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Demand has an _________ _________ with price and demand.
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upper left, lower right
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Demand curve moves from ______ _____ to ________ _____.
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up, down
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Law of Demand: Price goes ______, demand goes ______.
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Real Income Effect
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Individuals cannot keep buying the same quantity of a product if its price rises while their income stays the same.
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down, up
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If a product can be substituted, the higher price product's demand goes _____ while the lower price product's demand goes _____.
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down, down
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If a product is related, the higher price product's demand goes _____ and the complement product's demand goes _____.
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increase
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Demand: shift right=______ in demand.
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decrease
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Demand: shift left=______ in demand.
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high, low
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Law of supply: suppliers will offer more for sale at _____ prices and less for sale at _____ prices.
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variable
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Labor is a _______ cost.
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high, low
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When products are first introduced, their price is ____ and their demand is ____.
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Marginal Revenue
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Extra revenue from the production of one additional unit.
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Marginal Analysis
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Decision making based on extra benefit/cost of an action.
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market economy
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Prices seek own equilibrium in a _______ _______.