chp 11 example #6520

16 August 2023
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question
Which of the following is a great strength of the gold standard?
answer
It contained a powerful mechanism for achieving balance-of-trade equilibrium by all countries
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Which of the following statements is true about a currency board system?
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Under a strict currency board system, interest rates adjust automatically based on the supply and demand of domestic currency
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Which of the following statements is true about financial crises?
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A foreign debt crisis occurs when a country's foreign debt obligations in private-sector government debt cannot be serviced.
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The collapse of the fixed exchange rate system has been traced to the:
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U.S. macroeconomic policy package of 1965-1968
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Under the U.S. macroeconomic policy package of 1965-1968, President Lyndon Johnson backed an increase in U.S. government spending that was financed by:
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an increase in the money supply
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Which of the following is true of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) scheme of the World Bank?
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Borrowers have to pay the bank's cost of funds plus a margin for expenses
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Under the Bretton Woods system, if a country developed a permanent deficit in its balance of trade that could not be corrected by domestic policy, this would require the
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International Monetary Fund to agree to a currency devaluation
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Which of the following is an implication of a currency crisis?
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It results in the government sharply increasing interest rates to defend the prevailing exchange rate.
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It is most appropriate for a firm to contract out manufacturing when:
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individual manufacturers have few firm-specific skills that contribute to the value of their product.
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Many of the world's developing nations peg their currencies, primarily to the _____.
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U.S. dollar
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The objective of establishing the World Bank was to
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promote general economic development.
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In January 1976, the _____ revised the International Monetary Fund's Articles of Agreement to reflect the new reality of floating exchange rates.
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Jamaica agreement
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The system of adjustable parities allowed for the devaluation of a country's currency by more than 10 percent if the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed that a:
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country's balance of payments was in "fundamental disequilibrium
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Which of the following is true according to the provisions of the Marshall plan?
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The United States lent money directly to European nations to help them rebuild their economies.
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Which term was not defined in the International Monetary Fund's Articles of Agreement but was intended to apply to countries that had suffered permanent adverse shifts in the demand for their products?
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Fundamental disequilibrium
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Which of the following observations about the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is true?
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Internal political problems can affect a government's commitment to taking corrective action in return for an IMF loan.
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In a floating exchange rate, the relative value of a currency:
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is determined by market forces.
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A country that introduces a _____ commits itself to converting its domestic currency on demand into another currency at a fixed exchange rate.
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currency board
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Which of the following is a drawback of the currency board system?
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Higher domestic inflation rates compared to the inflation rate in the country to which the currency is pegged can make the currency uncompetitive
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The fall in the value of the U.S. dollar between 1985 and 1988 was caused by:
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a combination of government intervention and market forces.
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In 1971, U.S. trade figures showed that for the first time since 1945, the United States was importing more than it was exporting. This set off massive purchases of _____ in the foreign market by speculators.
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German deutsche marks
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Which of the following poses a problem for international businesses in the long run?
answer
Volatility of global exchange rate regime
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According to the _____ in 1944, all countries were to fix the value of their currency in terms of gold but were not required to exchange their currencies for gold.
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Bretton Woods agreement
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All International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan packages come with conditions attached. Which of the following is prevented due to these policies of the IMF?
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Excessive government spending and debt
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Which of the following observations about the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is true?
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The IMF's activities have expanded because periodic financial crises have continued to hit many economies in the post-Bretton Woods era.
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Which of the following was an announcement made by U.S. President Nixon to enable the devaluation of the dollar during the increase in inflation in 1971 in the United States?
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The dollar was no longer convertible into gold.
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Argonia Republic is in trade surplus with Kamboly. Under the gold standard, which of the following statements is true until a balance-of-trade equilibrium is achieved?
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The money supply in Kamboly will reduce due to the flow of gold to Argonia Republic
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According to the noted economist Jeffrey Sachs, the International Monetary Fund should
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keep its operations open to greater outside scrutiny
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How does the International Monetary Fund (IMF) provide loans to deficit-laden countries?
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A pool of gold and currencies contributed by its members provides the resources for the lending operations
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From mid-2008 through early 2009, the value of the dollar moderately increased against major currencies, despite the fact that the American economy was suffering from a serious financial crisis. Which of the following was a reason for this phenomenon?
answer
Foreign investors put their money in low-risk U.S. assets such as low-yielding U.S. government bonds.
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The 1944 Bretton Woods system called for _____ exchange rates against the U.S. dollar.
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fixed
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_____ refers to a system under which a country's currency is nominally allowed to float freely against other currencies, but in which the government will intervene, buying and selling currency, if it believes that the currency has deviated too far from its fair value
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Dirty float
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Which of the following is a main element of the Jamaica agreement of 1976?
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The increase in the total annual IMF quotas to $41 billion
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According to the noted economist Jeffrey Sachs, the International Monetary Fund should
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keep its operations open to greater outside scrutiny
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It has been shown that adopting a _____ exchange rate regime moderates inflationary pressures in a country
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pegged
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In comparison to a floating exchange rate regime, a fixed exchange rate system is characterized by
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higher monetary discipline
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the floating exchange rate regime?
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It allows for automatic trade balance adjustments
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An aspect of the Bretton Woods agreement was a commitment not to use
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devaluation as a weapon of competitive trade policy
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Which of the following is a great strength of the gold standard?
answer
It contained a powerful mechanism for achieving balance-of-trade equilibrium by all countries.
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Without currency devaluation, a country in "fundamental disequilibrium" would experience
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high unemployment.
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Argonia Republic is in trade surplus with Kamboly. Under the gold standard, which of the following statements is true until a balance-of-trade equilibrium is achieved?
answer
The money supply in Kamboly will reduce due to the flow of gold to Argonia Republic
question
Which of the following statements is true about financial crises?
answer
A foreign debt crisis occurs when a country's foreign debt obligations in private-sector government debt cannot be serviced.
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Under the Plaza Accord of 1985, the Group of Five major industrial countries concluded that it would be desirable if
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most major currencies appreciated vis-Γ -vis the U.S. dollar
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The objective of establishing the World Bank was to
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promote general economic development
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Which of the following refers to the institutional arrangements that govern exchange rates?
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International monetary system
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...
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Turkey
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Which of the following statements is true about the changes in the world monetary system since March 1973?
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Exchange rates have become much more volatile
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Critics of floating exchange rates claim that trade deficits are determined by the:
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balance between savings and investment in a country
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Which of the following was abandoned as per the Jamaica agreement of 1976?
answer
Gold as a reserve asset