Chapter 9 Practice Questions

Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are _____.

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate _____.

Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during _____.

Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle?

If you were to add one of the eight citric acid cycle intermediates to the culture medium of yeast growing in the laboratory, what do you think would happen to the rates of ATP and carbon dioxide production?

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction _____.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

If glucose is the sole energy source, what fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cycle?

For each mole of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)?

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate (1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, (2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and (3) is bonded to coenzyme A. The three listed steps result in the formation of _____.

Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a carbon (as CO2) from a molecule of pyruvate?

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain _____.

The chemiosmotic hypothesis is an important concept in our understanding of cellular metabolism in general because it explains _____.

During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to _____.

During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from?

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + i to ATP?

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells?

When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the _____.

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, approximately how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve?

Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." The little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. After the disruption, when electron transfer and ATP synthesis still occur, what must be present?

Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in _____.

Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O2) is present?

Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of _____.

One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to _____.

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes _____.

High levels of citric acid inhibit the enzyme phosphofructokinase, a key enzyme in glycolysis. Citric acid binds to the enzyme at a different location from the active site. This is an example of _____.

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes _____.

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true?

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?