Chapter 9 Development

According to developmental psychologists, nature refers to: an individual's environmental experiences. an individual's social experiences. an individual's biological inheritance. an individual's emotional characteristics.

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to: make judgments based on gut feelings. think intuitively. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape. represent their world with words, images, and drawings.

A(n) _____ assesses the same participants multiple times over a lengthy period. cross-sectional study longitudinal study accelerated study unobtrusive research

Which of the following best defines teratogen? It is any agent that causes a birth defect. It is a drug that enhances the growth of a fetus. It is any chemical that contains an alcohol group. It is a term used to describe all microorganisms that cause fatal diseases.

Assimilation allows the person to enjoy a feeling of meaning, because: it modifies current ways of thinking. new experiences create new schemas. experiences fit into his or her preexisting schemas. it makes sense of life's previously incomprehensible events.

At the preconventional level of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, individuals decide right and wrong based on: society's laws. a sense of duty. individual ethical principles. punishments or rewards.

Which of the following is a difference between older and younger adults? : Younger adults are usually wiser than older adults. Older adults process information faster than younger adults. Older adults tend to not do as well as younger adults in most aspects of memory. Younger adults usually take longer than older adults to remember information about world knowledge.

The ability to multiply two numbers together falls under _____ development. physical cognitive socio-emotional personality

Jason is working on a problem for his science class and is systematically going over every possible outcome. Jason is in the _____ stage of cognitive development. sensorimotor formal operational concrete operational preoperational

The documentary titled "56 Up" is a great example of a _____________ study in development. cross-sectional correlational genetic longitudinal

If 20-year-old Peter is unsure of what he should do with his life and where he fits in, Erikson would most likely agree that Peter did not successfully complete the stage of: intimacy versus isolation. generativity versus stagnation. autonomy versus shame and doubt. identity versus identity confusion.

_____ is the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other. Bicameralism Selective optimization Lateralization Ambidexterity

The _____ technique in studying infant perception involves searching for a reliable preference for one stimulus over another. habituation preferential looking object permanence non-differential perception

Infant attachment is defined as the close emotional bond between an infant and: other infants. strangers. its caregivers. its environment.

The main class of male sex hormones is called estrogens. androgens. estradiol. cortisol

"Out of sight, out of mind" can describe the behavior of a child who has not mastered the concept of: conservation. separation anxiety. attachment. object permanence.

Which of the following terms means that even in the face of adversity, a person shows signs of positive functioning? Assimilation Accommodation Resilience Integrity

According to Piaget, accommodation refers to: : the parental efforts made to include new children in an existing family structure. the incorporation of new information into existing knowledge. the developmental changes in a child's behavior that facilitate social acceptance by peers. the adjustment of current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences.

Which psychologist articulated the steps of cognitive development from infancy to adulthood? Maslow Piaget Erikson Kohlberg

Puberty marks the onset of: middle childhood. adolescence. infancy. gender identification.

In Harry Harlow's classic attachment study, they found that monkeys: were more attached to artificial mothers who provided milk. were more attached to artificial mothers who were warm and soft. displayed no preference for either cloth or wire mothers. preferred wire mothers over cloth ones.