Chapter 5: Geology exam review

Why is a sunflower yellow? It emits yellow light. It absorbs yellow light. It reflects yellow light.

Blue light has higher frequency than red light. Thus, blue light has: higher energy and shorter wavelength than red light. higher energy and longer wavelength than red light. lower energy and shorter wavelength than red light.

Compared to an atom as a whole, an atomic nucleus: Compared to an atom as a whole, an atomic nucleus: is very tiny but has most of the mass. is quite large and has most of the mass. is very tiny and has very little mass.

Radio waves are: Radio waves are: a form of sound. a form of light. a type of spectrum.

Some nitrogen atoms have seven neutrons and some have eight neutrons. These two forms of nitrogen are: Some nitrogen atoms have seven neutrons and some have eight neutrons. These two forms of nitrogen are: ions of each other. phases of each other. isotopes of each other.

The set of spectral lines that we see in a star's spectrum depends on the star's: The set of spectral lines that we see in a star's spectrum depends on the star's: interior temperature. chemical composition. rotation rate.

A star whose spectrum peaks in the infrared is: A star whose spectrum peaks in the infrared is: cooler than our Sun. hotter than our Sun. larger than our Sun.

A spectral line that appears at a wavelength of 321 nm in the laboratory appears at a wavelength of 328 nm in the spectrum of a distant object. We say that the object's spectrum is: A spectral line that appears at a wavelength of 321 in the laboratory appears at a wavelength of 328 in the spectrum of a distant object. We say that the object's spectrum is: redshifted. blueshifted. skewed.

How much greater is the light-collecting area of a 6-meter telescope than a 3-meter telescope? How much greater is the light-collecting area of a 6- telescope than a 3- telescope? two times four times six times

The Hubble Space Telescope obtains higher-resolution images than most ground-based telescopes because it is: The Hubble Space Telescope obtains higher-resolution images than most ground-based telescopes because it is: larger. closer to the stars. above Earth's atmosphere.

Which of the following statements about X-rays and radio waves is not true? Which of the following statements about X-rays and radio waves is not true? X-rays have higher frequency than radio waves. X-rays travel through space faster than radio waves. X-rays have shorter wavelengths than radio waves. X-rays and radio waves are both forms of light, or electromagnetic radiation.

Suppose you built a scale-model atom in which the nucleus is the size of a tennis ball. About how far would the cloud of electrons extend? Suppose you built a scale-model atom in which the nucleus is the size of a tennis ball. About how far would the cloud of electrons extend? Several centimeters A few meters Several kilometers To the Sun

Each of the following describes an "Atom 1" and an "Atom 2." In which case are the two atoms different isotopes of the same element? Atom 1: nucleus with 6 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 6 electrons; Atom 2: nucleus with 7 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 7 electrons Atom 1: nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 8 electrons; Atom 2: nucleus with 8 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 7 electrons Atom 1: nucleus with 7 protons and 8 neutrons, surrounded by 7 electrons; Atom 2: nucleus with 7 protons and 7 neutrons, surrounded by 7 electrons Atom 1: nucleus with 4 protons and 5 neutrons, surrounded by 4 electrons; Atom 2: nucleus with 5 protons and 5 neutrons, surrounded by 4 electrons

Which of the following statements is true of green grass? It means the lawn is healthy. It transmits all colors of light except green. It absorbs red light and reflects green light. It absorbs red light and emits green light.

Which of the following conditions lead you to see an absorption line spectrum from a cloud of gas in interstellar space? The cloud is visible primarily because it reflects light from nearby stars. The cloud is extremely hot. The cloud is cool and lies between you and a hot star. The cloud is cool and very dense, so that you cannot see any objects that lie behind it.

Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true? A hot object emits more radiation per unit surface area than a cool object. All the light emitted by hot object has higher energy than the light emitted by a cooler object. A cold object produces more total infrared and radio emission per unit surface area than a hot object. A hot object produces more total infrared emission than a cooler object.

Betelgeuse is the bright red star representing the left shoulder of the constellation Orion. All the following statements about Betelgeuse are true. Which one can you infer from its red color? It is much more massive than the Sun. It is moving away from us. Its surface is cooler than the surface of the Sun. It is much brighter than the Sun.

Laboratory measurements show hydrogen produces a spectral line at a wavelength of 486.1 nanometers (nm). A particular star's spectrum shows the same hydrogen line at a wavelength of 486.0 nm. What can we conclude? The star is getting hotter. The star is getting colder. The star is moving away from us. The star is moving toward us.

Suppose that Star X and Star Y both have redshifts, but Star X has a larger redshift than Star Y. What can you conclude? Star X is hotter than Star Y. Star X is moving away from us faster than Star Y. Star X is moving away from us and Star Y is moving toward us. Star X is coming toward us faster than Star Y. Star Y is moving away from us faster than Star X.

Studying a spectrum from a star can tell us a lot. All of the following statements are true except one. Which statement is not true? The peak of the star's thermal emission tells us its temperature: hotter stars peak at shorter (bluer) wavelengths. We can identify chemical elements present in the star by recognizing patterns of spectral lines that correspond to particular chemicals. The total amount of light in the spectrum tells us the star's radius. Shifts in the wavelengths of spectral lines compared to the wavelengths of those same lines measured in a laboratory on Earth can tell us the star's speed toward or away from us.

The angular separation of two stars is 0.1 arcseconds and you photograph them with a telescope that has an angular resolution of 1 arcsecond. What will you see? The two stars will appear to be touching, looking rather like a small dumbbell. You will see two distinct stars in your photograph. The photo will seem to show only one star rather than two. The stars will not show up at all in your photograph.

How does the light-collecting area of an 8-meter telescope compare to that of a 2-meter telescope? The 8-meter telescope has 8 times the light-collecting area of the 2-meter telescope. The 8-meter telescope has 4 times the light-collecting area of the 2-meter telescope. The 8-meter telescope has 16 times the light-collecting area of the 2-meter telescope. The answer cannot be determined from the information given in the question.

Which of the following is not an advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope over ground-based telescopes? It can observe infrared and ultraviolet light, as well as visible light. It never has to close because of cloudy skies. It is closer to the stars. Stars do not twinkle when observed from space.

The Chandra X-ray Observatory must operate in space because X-rays do not penetrate Earth's atmosphere. It was built by NASA. X-rays are too dangerous to be allowed on the ground. X-ray telescopes require the use of grazing incidence mirrors.

Without telescopes or other aid, we can look up and see the Moon in the night sky because it emits thermal radiation. reflects infrared light. emits visible light. reflects visible light. glows through radioactive decay.

We can see each other in the classroom right now because we reflect visible light. emit visible light. reflect infrared light. emit infrared light. emit thermal radiation.

Everything looks red through a red filter because the filter reflects red light and transmits other colors. the filter transmits red light and absorbs other colors. the filter emits red light and absorbs other colors. the filter absorbs red light and emits other colors.