Intro To The Universe Final VISUAL QUIZ

This photo was taken from orbit around some planet. What planet is it, and how do you know?

Which feature in this photo of the full moon is one of the lunar maria?

This photo was taken on the surface of __________.

This image shows two tall volcanoes on Venus. Why is it yellow?

What is the significance of the yellow lines on this map of Earth?

This diagram represents the conveyor-like action of plate tectonics on Earth. Which numbered position represents a place where new crust is emerging on the seafloor?

What does this figure tell us?

This figure summarizes the geological histories of the terrestrial worlds. Based on this figure, what can you conclude?

This star map shows stars as we see them in our sky from Earth, centered around the constellation Canis Major. Larger dots represent brighter stars, and a few of the brightest stars are identified. From this view alone, what can you conclude about Sirius?

Why do some of the bright stars (such as the one indicated by the arrow) in this photo have cross-shaped spikes over them?

All the stars in this photo are at about the same distance from Earth (some 25,000 light-years away). Which stars in this picture are the largest in size (radius)?

This graph shows how the apparent brightness of an eclipsing binary system changes with time. Which of the four labeled regions represents the system at a time when one star is eclipsing the other?

Study this H-R diagram. What is the spectral type of the star Sirius? (The red arrow helps you locate Sirius on the diagram.)

Study this H-R diagram. Which of the following stars is the most massive? (The red arrows help you locate these stars on the diagram.)

Study this H-R diagram. Which of the following stars is the largest in size (radius)? (The red arrows help you locate these stars on the diagram.)

Study this H-R diagram. Which of the following stars has (or had) the longest hydrogen burning lifetime? (The red arrows help you locate these stars on the diagram.)

This photo shows an object located in the halo of our Milky Way galaxy. What kind of object is it?

This photo shows an object located in the halo of our Milky Way galaxy. Notice the many bright red dots in the photograph. What are they?

This famous image from the Hubble Space Telescope shows what is sometimes called the "pillars of creation." Which of the following best describes what it shows?

This photo shows gas associated with a protostar. What is this gas doing?

What is the main idea captured by this graph?

In this diagram, red balls represent protons and gray balls represent neutrons. What reaction is being shown?

This H-R diagram shows the life track of a 1 M Sun star from the time it first becomes a main-sequence star. Which numbered point represents the star when it has both hydrogen-fusing and helium-fusing shells around an inert carbon core?

This Hubble Space Telescope photo shows a planetary nebula. What is the white dot in the center (indicated by the arrow)?

Suppose a particular star has a core that is undergoing multiple stages of fusion simultaneously to give it the structure shown in this diagram. Based on your understanding of stellar lives, the mass of this star is __________.

According to this diagram, how much more abundant is hydrogen in the universe than nitrogen?

This photo shows the famous Crab Nebula. What is it?

The arrow in the photo on the left points to the star that we see as a supernova in the photo on the right. What can we conclude about this star?

This diagram represents an edge-on view of our Milky Way galaxy. Of the four labeled stars, which one is located in what we call the halo of the galaxy?

This diagram represents an edge-on view of our Milky Way galaxy. Of the four labeled stars, which one could represent the Sun's position in the galaxy?

This diagram represents an edge-on view of our Milky Way galaxy. Of the four labeled stars, which one is located closest to a place where evidence suggests we would find a 4-million-solar-mass black hole?

This photograph shows an interstellar bubble about 10 light-years in diameter. If you could photograph this same region about 100 years from now, how would you expect it to look different?

This photograph shows X-ray emission from a supernova remnant. What is the source of the X-rays?

What are the dark blobs (indicated by the red arrows) in this photograph from the Hubble Space Telescope?

The top panorama shows our view of the Milky Way in all directions as it appears in visible light. The bottom panorama shows the same view but in a different wavelength of light. What wavelength band are we seeing in the bottom photo, and how do you know?

Notice the well-defined spiral arms in this photograph of the galaxy M51. What makes the spiral arms so much brighter than regions between the arms?

This sequence of paintings represents the formation of the Milky Way galaxy. What law of nature explains why the galaxy began to rotate rapidly and flatten out as it shrunk in size?

This figure shows observations over more than a decade that have allowed us to determine the orbits of several stars around Sgr A* (the central object). What can we learn about Sgr A* by analyzing these orbits? Its massIts ageIts chemical compositionAll of the answers

If you looked at the field of view seen in this Hubble Space telescope with your naked eye, about how big would it appear in the sky?

Is this a photo of a spiral galaxy or an elliptical galaxy, and how do you know?

This photo shows the Large Magellanic Cloud, or LMC for short. Based on what you have learned in about the LMC from your text, which of the following statements about the LMC is not true?

What is this a picture of?

Based on this diagram, "red sequence" galaxies are __________ than "blue cloud" galaxies.

Each dot on this graph represents an individual Cepheid variable star. Which of the following is true for a Cepheid that is 10,000 times as luminous as the Sun?

The data points in this diagram represent the measured speeds and distances of various galaxies, and the solid line represents a best fit to these data. The trend indicated by the solid line is known as _________.

This diagram shows several stages in a computer simulation of a collision between two galaxies. What happens?

The bright object in this photo is a quasar in the center of a distant galaxy. According to current understanding, about how big is the source of the bright light?

This image combines a visible light view of the galaxy Hercules A with an image showing radio wave emission (the reddish colors) in its vicinity. The likely explanation for the two huge clumps of radio emission far to either side of the visible galaxy is _________.

What does this graph show?

On this graph, the time corresponding to the point at the far lower right of the diagonal line represents __________.

What does this diagram represent?

Study this diagram that summarizes the eras of the universe. Which of the following statements is not true?

Which of the following is not implied by this diagram?

The data points on this graph represent the measured spectrum of the cosmic microwave background, while the solid curve represents a theoretically calculated thermal radiation spectrum for a temperature of 2.73 K. What is the significance of the near-perfect match between the data and the theoretical spectrum?

This figure shows an all-sky map of the cosmic microwave background recorded by the Planck telescope. How long did this light travel through space before it reached the telescope?

This figure shows an all-sky map of the cosmic microwave background recorded by the Planck telescope. What do the dark and bright variations represent?

This diagram represents what we call a saddle-shaped geometry. In the context of this chapter, what is its significance?

This graph is made from data measurements of the cosmic microwave background (dots) and a model based on the hypothesis of inflation. What does it show?

Consider a spinning disk of pizza dough, as shown here. What would the rotation curve for the spinning dough look like?

This graph shows the rotation curves of four different spiral galaxies. Based on these curves, what do all four galaxies have in common?

Notice the blue ovals (such as those indicated by the arrows) in this image of a galaxy cluster. The oval structures are not really located where they appear to be, but instead are multiple images of a single galaxy that lies directly behind the cluster. What do we call the process that creates these multiple images?

Notice the distorted galaxy images, such as the large arc-shaped structure, in this image of a galaxy cluster. What can astronomers learn by carefully measuring the distortions in this image?

This image shows a colliding pair of galaxy clusters known together as the Bullet Cluster. The blue region represents a map of the cluster's dark matter. How was this blue map made?

Study this graph, focusing on the red curve and reddish horizontal swath. Which statement that follows correctly interprets what the graph shows?

This figure shows a "slice of the universe" from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. What is the Sloan Great Wall (indicated by the arrow)?

These diagrams represent four possible models for the universe. Each model shows how the size of the observable universe changes with time. Of the four models, which one gives the universe the oldest age at present?

These diagrams represent four possible models for the universe. Which model presumes the existence of some type of dark energy in the universe?

This graph shows how the average distances between galaxies changes with time in the four models for the universe and also shows data points measured from white dwarf supernovae. Which of the following statements best describes what the data are telling us?

What are the different colored horizontal layers that we see in this photo of a wall in the Grand Canyon?

Suppose you had a time machine and traveled back in time to Earth about 3 billion years ago. Based on studying this diagram of the geological time scale, what would have caused you the most difficulty as you tried to walk around?

This diagram shows the "tree of life" based on genetic studies of relationships between living organisms. Which statement about the tree of life is not true?

This photo shows an undersea volcanic vent. What is it, and what is its significance to the study of the origin of life?

This photo shows apparatus used in an experiment in which materials thought to have been present on the early Earth were sparked with energy. What have we learned from this type of experiment?

These two diagrams contrast the habitable zones around the Sun and around a much lower mass star. They are shown to scale. Based on what you see here, what can you conclude about the possibility of finding life around the lower-mass star compared to finding life around a Sun-like star?

What does this graph tell us about humans compared to other animals?

This photo shows a radio telescope that is being used in the search for life beyond Earth. How is it being used in this search?

This painting shows a futuristic spacecraft powered by the detonation of small hydrogen bombs. If we actually had such a spacecraft, what would it allow us to do?

This photo shows a boy playing with sand on the beach. If we think about the grains of sand, how are they significant to the question of life beyond Earth?