ASTR Chap 6

25 July 2022
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question
Suppose the angular separation of two stars is smaller than the angular resolution of your eyes. How will the stars appear to your eyes?
answer
The two stars will look like a single point of light.
question
What do astronomers mean by light pollution?
answer
Light pollution refers to light used for human activities that brightens the sky and hinders astronomical observations.
question
What causes stars to twinkle?
answer
bending of light rays by turbulent layers in the atmosphere
question
What is the purpose of adaptive optics?
answer
to eliminate the distorting effects of atmospheric turbulence for telescopes on the ground
question
Which of the following is not an advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope over ground-based telescopes?
answer
It is closer to the stars.
question
Which of the following wavelength regions cannot be studied with telescopes on the ground?
answer
ultraviolet X rays
question
Telescopes operating at this wavelength must be cooled to observe faint astronomical objects.
answer
extreme infrared
question
In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do the biggest telescopes on Earth operate?
answer
radio
question
What does the technique of interferometry allow?
answer
It allows two or more telescopes to obtain the angular resolution of a single telescope much larger than any of the individual telescopes.
question
What are the two most important properties of a telescope?
answer
light-collecting area angular resolution
question
How much more light does an 8-meter telescope gather than a 2-meter telescope?
answer
16 times as much
question
Suppose that two stars are separated in the sky by 0.01 arcsecond, and you observe them with a telescope that has an angular resolution of 1 arcsecond. What will you see?
answer
The light from the two stars will be blended together so that they look like one star.
question
A camera is an example of an instrument used for _____________ observations.
answer
imaging
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______________ refers to telescopic observations in which we separate an object's light so we can measure its intensity at different wavelengths.
answer
Spectroscopy
question
If we want to confirm that a star's brightness alternately dims and brightens, we need ______________ observations of the star.
answer
time monitoring
question
The familiar twinkling of the stars is caused by ___________, which also blurs telescopic images.
answer
atmospheric turbulence
question
Human civilization is responsible for what astronomers call __________________________.
answer
light pollution
question
What is the primary reason that we launch X-ray telescopes into space rather than building them on the ground?
answer
X-rays from space do not reach the ground.
question
Which of the following is always true about images captured with X-ray telescopes?
answer
They are always displayed in false color.
question
What is meant by spectral resolution?
answer
It is a measure of how close two spectral lines can be distinguished.
question
Which of the following studies is best suited to a time monitoring experiment?
answer
studying whether a particular star's brightness is steady or variable
question
t/f A radio telescope and an optical telescope of the same size have the same angular resolution.
answer
false
question
What does angular resolution measure?
answer
The angular size of the smallest features that the telescope can see.
question
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a refracting telescope and a reflecting telescope?
answer
A refracting telescope uses a transparent glass lens to focus light while a reflecting telescope uses a mirror to focus light.
question
Which of the following is always true about images captured with X-ray telescopes?
answer
They are always shown with colors that are not the true colors of the objects that were photographed.
question
How much greater is the light-collecting area of a 6-meter telescope than a 3-meter telescope?
answer
four times
question
t/f Improvements in technology will eventually allow the entire electromagnetic spectrum to be observed from high mountaintop observatories.
answer
false
question
t/f X rays from astronomical objects can only be detected from telescopes in space.
answer
true
question
Which of the following wavelength regions can be studied with telescopes on the ground?
answer
radio, visible, and very limited portions of the infrared and ultraviolet regions
question
Which of the following forms of light can be observed with telescopes at sea level?
answer
visible light radio waves
question
If our eyes were sensitive only to X rays, the world would appear __________.
answer
dark because X-ray light does not reach Earth's surface
question
If you had only one telescope and wanted to take both visible-light and ultraviolet pictures of stars, where should you locate your telescope?
answer
in space
question
The James Webb Space Telescope is designed primarily to observe __________.
answer
Infrared light
question
Where should you put a telescope designed for ultraviolet observations?
answer
in Earth orbit
question
The twinkling of stars is caused by:
answer
motion of air in our atmosphere
question
Which of the following determines the image quality of a telescope?
answer
The light-collecting abilty and angular resolution
question
Compare the light collecting ability of a telescope with an 8 inch diameter primary objective telescope to that of a telescope with a two inch primary objective.
answer
it is 16 times greater
question
What is meant by refraction of light
answer
The Bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to the next.
question
What is meant by the resolution of an optical device?
answer
It is the ability of an object fo form distinct images of two close objects
question
What celestial coordinate tells you how far east or west a celestial object is in the sky?
answer
Right Ascension
question
What celestial coordinate tells you how far north or south the celestial object is located in the sky?
answer
Declination