Chapter 4

25 July 2022
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Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?
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osseous tissue
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The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is
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epithelial tissue.
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Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except
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extracellular matrix.
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The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the
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gap junction.
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Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except
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supporting muscle cells.
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Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have ________ at their free surface.
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microvilli
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A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed a(n)
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occluding junction.
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Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called
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desmosomes.
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Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for
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secretion.
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Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
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a basal lamina.
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Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?
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simple columnar epithelium
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A layer of glycoproteins that prevents leakage of materials from connective tissues into epithelia is the
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lamina lucida.
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Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as
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neuroepithelia.
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Germinative cells
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divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
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In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?
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desmosomes
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Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of
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epithelium.
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Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue.
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epithelial
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Transitional epithelium is found
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lining the urinary bladder.
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The heart and blood vessels are lined by
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simple squamous epithelium.
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You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the
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trachea
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Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are
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holocrine glands
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Cells that are flat and thin are classified as
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squamous
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Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the
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heart and blood vessels.
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The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as
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simple squamous.
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Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are
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endocrine glands
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The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are
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simple and stratified.
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The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is
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simple squamous epithelium.
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The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is
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absorption and secretion.
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The study of cells shed from epithelial surfaces, often for diagnostic purposes, is termed
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exfoliative cytology.
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Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________.
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enzymes; hormones
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The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes
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exfoliative cytology.
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Cells that are specialized for secretion
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exhibit polarity.
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Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion
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merocrine
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Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false?
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They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
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The pancreas produces ________ secretions.
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exocrine and endocrine
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Unicellular exocrine glands secrete
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mucus.
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A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called
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simple alveolar.
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Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective tissue proper"? 1. areolar connective tissue 2. adipose tissue 3. fibrocartilage 4. dense irregular connective tissue
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1, 2, and 4
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Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?
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fibroblast
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Blood is which type of tissue?
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connective
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The sticky material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the
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ground substance
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Cells that store fat are called
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adipocytes.
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The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue
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reticular connective
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The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is
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collagen.
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Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except
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areolar tissue.
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The three categories of connective tissues are
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connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
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Two classes of macrophages include
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fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
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Two types of microphages include
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neutrophils and eosinophils.
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Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are
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dense irregular connective tissues.
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What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?
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erythrocyte
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Wharton's jelly is a form of
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mucous connective tissue
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Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?
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fibroblasts
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________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.
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Tendons; ligaments
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The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
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collagen, reticular, and elastic.
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White fat is found in ________, while brown fat is found in ________.
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adults; infants
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Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
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macrophages.
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The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.
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hyaline
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Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways, except
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provide strong connections between muscles and bones.
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Antibodies are produced by
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plasmocytes.
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Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are
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mesenchymal stem cells.
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Osseous tissue is also called
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bone
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Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of
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cartilage.
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Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?
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hyaline cartilage
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A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is
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cartilage
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Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
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perichondrium.
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Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
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bone.
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Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?
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supporting connective tissue
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Unlike cartilage, bone
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highly vascular.
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Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?
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mucous
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The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of
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serous membranes.
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The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
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peritoneum.
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Adhesions between abdominopelvic organs occur when
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serous membranes are damaged.
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Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the
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superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
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The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the
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superficial fascia.
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Which of these refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?
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deep fascia
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Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.
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muscle
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Myosatellite cells are found in association with
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skeletal muscle.
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Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of
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cardiac muscle tissue.
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The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.
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smooth
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Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue
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neural
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All of the following are true of neurons, except that
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they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
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During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?
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cold, pale skin
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The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called
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fibrosis.
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Tissue changes with age include all of the following, except
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proliferation of epidermal cells