A&P Test 2

Epithelial

C.) Stratified squamous epithelium: absorption

True

B.) Epithelial tissue is innervated. *Epithelial tissue is an innervated, avascular tissue that exhibits polarity. Epithelial tissue is also highly regenerative.

D.) Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch. *This statement is false, so it is the correct answer. Transitional (not simple cuboidal) epithelia are found in areas that stretch, in particular the ureters and urinary bladder. Simple cuboidal epithelia are adapted for absorption and secretion. We find that most glands consist of cuboidal epithelia.

Simple columnar epithelia *The shoebox represents the columnar shape. Additionally, the fingerlike projections are likely to be microvilli

Stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage *Cartilage is normally avascular, so nutrients required for healing must diffuse from distant blood vessels, which delays the healing process

Epithelium *Epithelia have polarity, which is to say that there is directionality. There is always an exposed surface and an attached surface. Epithelia are also avascular.

D.) Location *This is one way that epithelia are not classified. Epithelia are classified by their shape and layering. Epithelial glands are named based on their type of secretion, number of cells, and structure.

Extracellular matrix *The term matrix applies to all extracellular material seen, including the ground substance and all fibers.

E.) None of these characteristics is lacking

Connective Tissue *It is not muscle tissue because there is a lot of nuclei present. You are probably looking at dense regular connective tissue. Connective tissue has a low cell count compared to the extracellular matrix.

Provide flexibility *Elastic fibers contain elastin, a rubberlike protein that allows them to stretch and recoil like rubber bands, making them very flexible.

D.) Bone; osteoblast *Osteoblasts/cytes are the primary cell type for bone.

A.) Absorption *Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body

B.) Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen *Correct, the prominent element of dense connective tissue are the fibers. Dense regular connective tissue primarily has parallel collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers. Dense irregular connective tissue primarily has irregularly arranged collagen fibers and some elastic fibers. Elastic connective tissue contains a high proportion of elastic fibers. Reticular connective tissue, a type of loose connective tissue, consists of a network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance. The reticular fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports cells.

They have a common origin: mesenchyme *Adipose tissue, bone, and blood (like all connective tissues) are derived from mesenchyme, an embryonic tissue. Also common to all connective tissues is the presence of cells and an extracellular matrix that consists of fibers bathed in ground substance

D.) Connective tissues high in collagen fibers *Collagen is the toughest of the fibers. If you saw collagen in high amounts, that would indicate strength in the connective tissue.

D.) Greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content *Even in blood, the cellular portion is less concentrated than the plasma matrix that surrounds the blood cells.

A.) Blood *Blood, the fluid connective tissue (CT) within blood vessels, is the most atypical CT. It does not act as a binding or packing material; it does not provide structural support. It is classified as a CT only because it develops from mesenchyme and consists of cells (blood cells) surrounded by an extracellular fluid matrix (blood plasma).

Water, since it makes up to 80% of cartilage's content and helps cushion articular bone surfaces

False *Smooth muscle cells do not contain striations. Although they do contain myofilaments, their arrangement is not regular enough to generate the striations seen in skeletal or cardiac muscle cells.

D.) Is under involuntary control *Smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control

B.) Skeletal muscle tissue *The striations are evidence of the myofilaments inside the muscle fibers. The position of the nuclei and vascularity are also signs of muscle tissue

B.) Creates linings *Cells that create the body's linings are all derived from epithelia

Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord *Cardiac muscle and the nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord have virtually no functional regenerative capacity, and they are routinely replaced by scar tissue

Simple squamous epithelium *Yes, this single layer of squamous cells is ideal for the diffusion of gases in the lungs

Simple cuboidal epithelium *Yes, the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place.

Stratified squamous epithelium *Yes, this epithelium protects underlying tissues from the wear and tear of constant swallowing in the esophagus.

Soma *Yes, the soma or cell body receives inputs (signals) from other cells and sends the information to the axon. But unlike a dendrite, it also is the main metabolic and nutritional center of the cell.

Skeletal *Yes, skeletal muscle cells are elongated and many can be quite long; therefore, they have multiple nuclei

Cardiac *Yes, cardiac cells, like skeletal cells, have visible striations but are not under voluntary control

False *Pseudostratified epithelia are found in the respiratory linings. Cilia are used for movement, not increasing surface area

Stretching *Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system. It lines the ureters, bladder, and proximal part of the urethra--organs that are subjected to distention or stretching as urine passes through or fills them

Endocrine glands have no ducts *Endocrine glands secrete substances (hormones) into blood without the use of ducts, whereas exocrine glands use ducts to secrete substances into the external environment.