Chapter 30 APUSH Terms

24 August 2022
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conservatism
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a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion
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religious fundamentalism
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Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state property
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political action committees (PACs)
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Funding vehicles created by the 1974 campaign finance reforms. A corporation, union, or some other interest group can create this and register it with the Federal Election Commission (FEC), which will meticulously monitor its expenditures.
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abortion rights; Roe v. Wade
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This court decision legalized the right to abortion and sparked the pro-life movements that united Catholics and fundamentalist Protestants, who believe that life begins at the moment of conception.
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reverse discrimination
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The assertion that affirmative action programs that require preferential treatment for minorities discriminate against those who have no minority status.
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Regents of University of California v. Bakke
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A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.
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Reaganomics
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Also known as "trickle down economics" Reagan combined monetarism and supply side economics. He encouraged the Federal Reserve to keep interest rates high, and asked Congress to pass a massive tax cut. They believed the policy would help corporations and wealthy American's, while only a little bit of the wealth would "trickle down" to average Americans.
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evil empire
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Ronald Reagan's description of Soviet Union because of his fierce anti-communist views and the USSR's history of violation of human rights and aggression.
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Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)
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plan called for orbiting battle satellites in space that could fire laser beams to vaporize intercontinental missiles on liftoff.
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Irancontra affair
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A major scandal marred Reagan's second term. Early in 1986 news leaked out that the administration had negotiated an "arms-for-hostages" deal with the revolutionary Islamic government of Iran. For years the president had denounced Iran as an "outlaw state" and a supporter of terrorism. Now he wanted its help.
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Palestine Liberation Organization
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a political and paramilitary organization regarded by the Arab league since October 1974 as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people."
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.
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perestroika
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a policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society
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Boris Yeltsin
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First leader of the Russian Republic. His pro-democracy reaction when Gorbachev's push for reform was held off by the Communist establishment was a rallying point for Russian democratic supporters.
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Panama invasion
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In December, 1989, President Bush sent airborne troops to capture dictator and drug lord Manuel Noriega.
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Persian Gulf War (1991)
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after Iraq invaded Kuwait, the US invaded Iraq to liberate Kuwait; Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire so the Americans couldn't gain the oil; this conflict caused the US to set military bases in Saudi Arabia; also called Operation: Desert Storm
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Operation Desert Storm
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Operation Desert Storm was the code name given to the first U.S.-led war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf on January 17, 1991.
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Americans With Disabilities Act (1990)
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A law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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Created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. by lessening and eliminating tariffs
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Oklahoma City bombing
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Bombing of Murrah Federal Building. The blast, set off by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, killed 168 people, including 19 children in the building's day-care center.
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Clinton impeachment and trial
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Result of a political sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky.
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globalization
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The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.
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World Trade Organization
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An international agency which encourages trade between member nations, administers global trade agreements and resolves disputes when they arise.
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European Union (EU)
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Economic union between countries in Europe for mutual gain. Originally formed in 1951 as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), it later became the European Community in 1967, then the European Union in 1991.
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Bush v. Gore
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ruled that Florida recount of presidential votes violated Fourteenth Amendment; recount stopped and Bush became president
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No Child Left Behind
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Holds states, schools, and school districts more accountable for their standardized tests scores. The wanted outcome was better tests scores all around and overall a smarter and better population of young people that would positively contribute to a growing America
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terrorism, war on
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Terrorism and countries supporting it (supposedly); much of the terrorism on the US was caused by Middle Eastern countries, mainly as results of the Persian Gulf War and the placement of US troops in Palestine following the war.
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September 11, 2001 attacks on the U.S.
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often referred to as September 11th or 9/11 (pronounced as "nine eleven"), were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001.
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al Qaeda
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a network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001
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Afghanistan
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a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia
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axis of evil
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statement made by President Bush that created a stir of controversy regarding Iran's international relations with western countries; Iran's nuclear energy may threaten the peace of the world
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Iraq war
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The USA went to war with Saddam Hussein because Hussein kicked out UN weapons inspectors, he was building weapons of mass destruction, he didn't obey the no-fly zones limitations, he was a savage dictator.
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Operation Iraqi Freedom
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Operation where U.S. troops invaded Iraq and Saddam's forces collapsed almost immediately. Baghdad fell, and Saddam and other Iraqi leaders went into hiding. In the months that followed Saddam and many of his supporters were captured