Chapter 3 - The First Two Years

25 July 2022
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Jordan's weight is in the 50th percentile. This means that:
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50% of children his age weigh less than he does.
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The human body is equipped to protect the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth. This protective feature is known as:
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Head-sparing.
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Brain cells are called:
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Neurons.
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The last part of the brain to mature is the:
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Prefrontal Cortex.
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A life-threatening condition that occurs when infants are shaken back and forth sharply and quickly is called:
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Shaken Baby Syndrome.
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An abusive caregiver shakes an infant to get her to stop crying. The infant stops crying. Why?
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Because blood vessels in the brain rupture and neural connections break.
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Approximately how many hours per day does the average newborn spend asleep?
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15-17 hours.
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At what point in development is the sense of hearing already quite acute?
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Newborn.
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In terms of visual acuity, newborns:
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Are legally blind.
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The sense that is the least developed at birth is an infant's:
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Vision.
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By three months of age, babies look closely at the eyes and mouth when studying faces. This change in focus is due to:
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Binocular Vision.
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Due to smell recognition, babies prefer to sleep:
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Next to their caregivers.
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Newborns' sense of touch allows them to:
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Be comforted by their caregiver.
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The learned ability to move and control some parts of the body is referred to as:
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Motor skills.
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Most infants are able to inch forward on their bellies by the age of____months.
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5 months.
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On average, children begin to walk independently at approximately?
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1 year.
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What three factors contribute to the ability to walk?
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Muscle strength, brain maturation, and practice.
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Most babies learn to grasp and hold onto objects by about _____ months old.
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6 months.
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What is one effect of lower infant mortality rates?
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Mothers have fewer babies.
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When the immune system is primed to resist a particular disease, the process is called:
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Immunization.
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When children are immunized, they contribute to the protection of others. This is referred to as:
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Herd immunity.
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A hypothesis that has been repeatedly disproved is that the MMR vaccine causes:
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Autism.
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Why are breast-fed babies less likely to contract infectious diseases than bottle-fed babies?
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Breast milk provides antibodies against disease that the mother is immune to.
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Studies comparing breast-feeding to bottle-feeding show that:
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Breast-fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach aches.
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A child who is too short for his or her age due to severe malnutrition is suffering from a condition called:
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Stunting.
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When a child is more than two standard deviations underweight for his or her age, the child is suffering from a condition called:
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Wasting.
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. By 10 months of age, Alan has a vocabulary of a dozen words. B. F. Skinner would have attributed Alan's rapid speech development mainly to:
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His parents.