Chapter 24

27 August 2022
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question
Why did Florence Owens and her children travel through California in the 1930s?
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to plant, cultivate and harvest crops in the states agricultural fields
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What was Franklin D. Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932?
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He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of the navy and as governor of New York
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In order to win the presidential election in 1932, Roosevelt had to
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Unite democrats from the northeast, south and west
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What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program?
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The New Deal
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What made the election of 1932 particularly historic?
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FDR won 57% of the popular votes and democrats swept both houses of congress
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What was the unifying basis of the New Deal coalition?
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Members expressed faith that government would change for the better
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To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?
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The terror caused by the depression
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What was the three-part goal of Roosevelt's New Deal?
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Relief, Recovery and Reform
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Which woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador in 1933?
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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What belief lay at the foundation of Roosevelt's New Deal?
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Capitalism held the solution to the nations economic crisis
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The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 strengthened American banks by
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releasing federal funds to bolster the banks assets
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Which of the following describes the federal deposit insurance corporation (FDIC)?
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It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed
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What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system?
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Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio
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What was the name of the agency President Roosevelt established in 1933 to provide direct relief to more than four million households?
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Federal Emergency Release Association (FERA)
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What was the purpose of Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps?
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To give young men government jobs conserving natural resources
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What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority program that began in 1933?
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It helped supply jobs and power impoverished rural communities by hydro-electric dams
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The New Deal made significant improvements in the quality of life in rural America by
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providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration
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How did the Agricultural Adjustment and Farm Credit acts of 1935 aim to help American farmers?
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The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property.
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What made it impossible for the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to regulate business effectively?
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The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only
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Opponents of the New Deal included business leaders and
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some labor leaders
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What event dealt the final blow to the NRA in May 1935?
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The supreme court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional
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Why didn't southern tenant farmers benefit from the programs developed by the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the Farm Credit Act?
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Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants
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Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s?
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California
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On what grounds did Upton Sinclair challenge Roosevelt and the New Deal?
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He believed the New Deal was hand maded by business elite.
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Father Charles Coughlin, an opponent of the New Deal, placed the blame for the nation's economic crisis on
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communists, bankers and capitalists
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Who championed the "Share Our Wealth" plan of income redistribution?
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Huey Long
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In 1935, when President Roosevelt had the congressional majorities to support him, he began to
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enact major new social welfare programs
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Which New Deal agency employed artists, musicians, actors, journalists, academics, poets, and novelists?
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Works Progress Administration (WPA)
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The purpose of the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, when it was enacted in 1934, was to
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create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize
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The Wagner Act helped which of the following unions to mobilize organizing drives in major industries?
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Committee for Industrial Organizations
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In 1937, disgruntled workers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan, acted on their grievances by
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staging a sit down strike
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The framers of Social Security agreed to fund the program
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with tax contributions from workers and their employees
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What impact did New Deal programs have on the average national unemployment rate during the 1930s?
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They reduced the average unemployment rate, but it remained high at about 17%
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Why did Roosevelt fail to push for more ambitious reforms for black Americans?
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He couldn't afford to lose support of southern Democrats for his new agenda.
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Which of the following describes the experiences of Mexican Americans during the 1930s?
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Thousands of Mexican Americans were deported many with their American born children.
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What was the outcome of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act on Native Americans?
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It restored Indians' right to own land communally and have greater control over their affairs
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By 1936, how did many American radicals-including Communists and socialists- respond to the New Deal?
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They began to support the New Deal's relief programs and its encouragement of labor unions
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President Roosevelt's plan to remove judicial obstacles to New deal reforms in his second term of office
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was popularly known as court packing
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President Roosevelt's plan for enlarging the Supreme Court?
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became unnecessary when four conservative judges retired
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How did President Roosevelt attempt to change the economy in 1937?
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Cut funds for relief projects and decreased deficit spending
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What was the outcome of President Roosevelt's fiscal decisions in 1937?
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The county suffered a recession
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The goal of the New Deal's Farm security Administration, created in 1937, was to
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help tenant farmers become independent ladnowners
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Which of the following statements describes the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?
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It sets standards for wages and hours
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What occurrence proved that opposition to the New Deal had increased by the end of 1938?
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Republicans gained seven seats in the senate and 80 in the House in the Congressional elections
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Which of the following describes the overall impact of the New Deal?
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It prevented the US from turning toward authoritarian solutions to the nation's economic crisis.