Florence Owens and her children traveled through California in the 1930s to...
answer
plant, cultivate and harvest crops in the state's agricultural fields.
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What was the Federal government's response to the 1936 crisis at the pea pickers camp in Nipomo, California?
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The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the camp.
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What was Franklin Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932?
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Roosevelt had served as the Republican mayor of New York City.
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In order to win the presidential election in 1932, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had to...
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unite Democrats from the Northeast, South, and West.
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What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program?
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The New Deal.
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What made the election of 1932 particularly historic?
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt won 57 percent of the popular vote, and Democrats swept both houses of Congress.
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To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?
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The terror caused by the depression.
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What was the three-part goal of Roosevelt's New Deal?
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Relief, recovery and reform.
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Which woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador in 1933?
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Eleanor Roosevelt.
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What belief lay at the foundation of Roosevelt's New Deal?
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Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis.
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The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 strengthened American banks by...
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releasing federal funds to bolster the banks' assets.
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Which of the following describes the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation?
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It guaranteed banks customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed.
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What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system?
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Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio.
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What was the name of the agency President Roosevelt established in 1933 to provide direct relief to more than four million households?
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Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA).
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The purpose of the Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps was to...
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give young men government jobs conserving natural resources.
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What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) program that began in 1933?
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The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities.
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The New Deal made significant improvements in the quality of life in rural America by...
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providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration.
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How did the Agricultural Adjustment and Farm Credit Acts of 1935 aim to help American farmers?
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The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property.
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What made it impossible for the National Recovery administration (NRA) to regulate business effectively?
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The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only.
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Opponents of the New Deal included business leaders and...
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some labor leaders.
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What event dealt the final blow to the National Recovery Administration in May 1935?
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The Supreme Court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional.
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In 1936, the Supreme Court supported agricultural processors and distributors when it ruled against the...
answer
Agricultural Adjustment Act.
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Why didn't southern tenant farmers benefit from the programs developed by the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation and the Farm Credit Act?
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Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants.
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Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s?
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California.
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Father Charles Coughlin, an opponent of the New Deal, placed the blame for the nation's economic crisis on...
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Communists, bankers and capitalists.
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Dr. Francis Townsend and Huey P. Long both opposed the New Deal, calling instead for...
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the redistribution of wealth through revolution.
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In 1935, when President Roosevelt had the congressional majorities to support him, he began to...
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reduce government involvement in business.
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Which New Deal agency employed artists, musicians, actors, journalists, academics, poets, and novelists?
answer
Works Progress Administration.
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The purpose of the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, when it was enacted in 1934, was to...
answer
create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize.
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The Wagner Act helped which of the following unions to mobilize organizing drives in major industries?
answer
The Committee for Industrial Organization.
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In 1937, disgruntled workers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan, acted on their grievances by...
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staging a sit-down strike.
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What was the outcome of the strike at Republic Steel outside Chicago in 1937?
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Strikers halted their organizing campaign after the police attacked and killed ten of them.
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The framers of Social Security agreed to fund the program...
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with tax contributions from workers and their employers.
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The Social Security Act of 1935 provided...
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old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children and unemployment insurance.
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What impact did New Deal programs have on the average national unemployment rate during the 1930s?
answer
The New Deal reduced the average unemployment rate to 5 percent by 1935.
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Why did Roosevelt fail to push for more ambitious reforms for black Americans?
answer
He could not afford to lose the support of southern Democrats for his New Deal agenda.
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Which of the following describes the experiences of Mexican Americans during the 1930s?
answer
Thousands of Mexican Americans were deported, many with their American-born children.
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What was the outcome of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act on Native Americans?
answer
It restored Indians' right to own land communally and have greater control over their own affairs.
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By 1935, how did many American radicals- including Communists and socialists-respond to the New Deal?
answer
Many radicals denounced it for failing to serve the interests of workers and their families.
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Franklin Roosevelt perceived the election of 1936 as a contest between...
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the heirs of Alexanders Hamilton and the heirs of Thomas Jefferson.
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What accounted for Franklin Delano Roosevelt's landslide victory in the 1936 presidential election?
answer
The New Deal's extreme popularity among American voters.
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President Roosevelt's plan to remove judicial obstacles to New Deal reforms in his second term of office...
answer
was popularly known as court packing.
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President Roosevelt's plan for enlarging the Supreme Court...
answer
became unnecessary when four conservative judges retired.
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To change the economy in 1937, President Roosevelt...
answer
cut funds for relief projects and decreased deficit spending.
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What was the outcome of President Roosevelt's fiscal decisions in 1937?
answer
The country suffered a recession.
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In his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, John Maynard Keynes argued that...
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government intervention is needed in bad economic times to pump enough money into the economy to revive production and increase consumption.
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The goal of the New Deal's Farm Security Administration, created in 1937, was to...
answer
help tenant farmers become independent landowners.
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Which of the following statements describes the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?
answer
It set standards for wages and hours.
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What occurrence proved that opposition to the New Deal had increased by the end of 1938?
answer
Republicans gained seven seats in the Senate and eighty in the House in the congressional elections.
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Which of the following describes the overall impact of the New Deal?
answer
It prevented the United States from turning toward authoritarian solutions to the nations' economic crisis.
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