Psychology Unit 6

__________ is due to the effects of __________, in which some cultures tend to vary what types of behaviors are considered abnormal. A. Cultural relativity . . . a culture-bound syndrome B. Cultural relativity . . . subjective discomfort C. A culture-bound syndrome . . . cultural relativity D. Subjective discomfort . . a cultural-bound syndrome

Usually when an individual's behavior becomes persistent, causes significant discomfort, tends to be maladaptive, and poses a danger to the individual or others will their actions be labeled as __________. A. a culture-bound syndrome B. abnormal behavior C. deviant behavior D. a psychological disorder

Both the biopsychosocial and the medical perspective of psychological disorders support the idea that psychological disorders may have __________ influences. A. social B. psychological C. genetic D. cultural

Historical explanations for abnormal behaviors were often thought to be caused by all of the following except __________. A. movement of the stars B. witchcraft C. evil spirits D. medical illness

Abnormal behaviors are considered similar across cultures.

George Engel criticized the medical community for its full acceptance of the medical model and for __________. A. developing the idea that some mental illnesses can be cured B. getting patients more involved in their care C. paying attention to nonverbal behavior D. failing to accept that mental illness had influences other than biological ones

Which of the following is not considered a criterion that suggests the presence of a psychological disorder under the category of "maladaptiveness"? A. personal unhappiness B. impaired functioning C. long periods of discomfort D. disruptive behavior

The biopsychosocial model of abnormality states that behavior is influenced by all of the following except __________ factors. A. genetic B. physiological C. labeling D. psychological

One of the main strengths regarding the biopsychosocial model is the ease of identifying symptoms in order to make a diagnosis.

The medical model of abnormality states that psychological disorders are __________. A. social issues B. diseases C. demons D. rare

An ancient Greek physician believed performing lobotomies helped release inner spirits that caused mental illness.The medical model is currently the primary way to explain the causes of psychological disorders.

The medical model is currently the primary way to explain the causes of psychological disorders.

Katherine has begun to experience attacks consisting of intense fear, heart palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath whenever she thinks of or attempts to leave her apartment. Katherine may be experiencing a certain amount of __________ when it comes to leaving her home. A. culture-bound distress B. deviant behavior C. maladaptive behavior D. subjective discomfort

The idea for the medical model began when Philippe Pinel discarded the idea that __________. A. mental illness was a sickness of the mind B. patients should be treated with kindness C. mental illness was caused by physiological damage D. mental illness was caused by demon or spirit possession

Professor George Engel believed mental illness was a disease that should be cured.

The medical model of abnormality states that psychological disorders should be viewed and treated in the same manner as physical illnesses.

Which of the following represents a weakness of the biopsychosocial model?

__________ supported the claim that diagnosis of mental illnesses is often influenced by context and subjective evaluations. A. Mythical beliefs B. The David Rosenhan study C. Historical lack of resources D. Historical treatments

An individual who scores in the 80 to 100 range of the Axis V classification rating scale is most likely __________. A. at a diminished functioning level B. in danger of hurting themselves C. at a superior functioning level D. in danger of hurting others

Crimes committed by an individual with a mental illness tend to get the __________ despite the fact that most crimes are committed by individuals who are not mentally ill. A. most media attention B. most understanding C. least media attention D. least understanding

The Rosenhan study supported the idea that __________ can bias others' perceptions regarding mental illness. A. discrimination B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. stigmas D. labels

All of the following are types of anxiety disorders except __________ disorder. A. obsessive-compulsive B. panic C. bipolar D. phobic

Which of the following is not one of the most common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder? A. repetitive behavioral acts to relieve stress B. elevated emotions of anger or guilt C. issues with social relationships D. flashbacks of a traumatic event

Having a family history involving anxiety disorder, experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, or having a history of abuse are all __________ of anxiety disorders. A. common symptoms B. risk factors C. causes D. thinking styles

All of the following are possible causes of developing an anxiety disorder except __________. A. hereditary factors B. thinking styles C. history of abuse D. chemical imbalance

Some of the common symptoms of somatoform disorders cause substantial distress, are sometimes perceived to be real, or __________. A. are difficult to distinguish from other illnesses B. affect coordination and balance C. tend to accompany paralysis D. cause hallucinations

Ailments experienced with __________ are often more severe than those with somatization disorder due to the loss of function in one or more bodily functions. A. generalized anxiety disorder B. hypochondriasis C. conversion disorder D. somatoform disorder

The etiology of somatoform disorders may consist of all of the following except __________ factors. A. personality B. biological C. cognitive D. environmental

Which of the following is a cognitive feature of a person with a somatoform disorder? A. They tend to be highly emotional. B. They have difficulty forming relationships. C. They demonstrate care-seeking behavior. D. They have an unrealistic view of good health.

All of the following are symptoms of someone having a dissociative disorder except __________. A. memory loss B. increased energy C. distorted perception D. blurred sense of identity

All of the following are types of dissociative disorders except __________. A. dissociative amnesia B. dissociative fugue C. dissociative identity disorder D. dissociative anxiety disorder

The popular story of a woman having 16 personalities after suffering mental and physical abuse from her schizophrenic mother was entitled "__________." A. Sybil B. The Six Faces of Meredith C. Lilith D. The Three Faces of Eve

Research indicates that all of the following are possible causes of dissociative disorder except __________. A. genetic influences B. decreased stress C. emotional trauma D. media reports

Which of the following statements does not help differentiate depression from simply feeling sad? A. Depression often lasts for more than two weeks. B. There may be no catalyst for depression. C. Depression often interferes with daily functioning. D. Surges of creativity often accompany depression.

Which of the following is a symptom experienced by an individual in a depressive episode of bipolar disorder? A. delusions of extreme guilt B. rash decision making C. productivity and being talkative D. delusions of grandeur

To which of the following neurotransmitters has schizophrenic disorders been linked? A. serotonin B. dopamine C. GABA D. epinephrine

Having a serious illness, experiencing stressful life events, or being female are all __________ of mood disorders. A. biological factors B. risk factors C. environmental causes D. psychological causes

Research has shown that the frontal lobe tends to __________ in size in individuals diagnosed with severe depression. A. fluctuate B. be equal C. be smaller D. be larger

A schizophrenic disorder is characterized mostly by disturbed __________, while a mood disorder is characterized mostly by disturbed __________. A. thoughts . . . dreams B. thoughts . . . emotions C. emotions . . . dreams D. emotions . . . thoughts

Emotional symptoms that may occur in those with a schizophrenic disorder generally include all of the following except __________ emotion. A. flat B. appropriate C. no D. inappropriate

Environmental factors that can influence the onset of a schizophrenic disorder include which of the following? A. exposure to stress B. brain abnormalities C. genetic influences D. neurochemical factors

To which of the following neurotransmitters has schizophrenic disorders been linked? A. serotonin B. dopamine C. GABA D. epinephrine

Personality can be influenced by __________ needs. A. both environmental and biological B. only environmental C. neither environmental and biological D. only biological

One's __________ are often affected the most by a personality disorder. A. task abilities B. cognitive abilities C. social relationships D. career choices

Biological factors that may influence the onset of a personality disorder include all of the following except _________. A. increased levels of adrenaline B. reduced activity in the frontal lobe C. low levels of cortisol D. genetic influences

One's natural predisposition to think and act in a certain way is one's __________. A. learned habit B. self-esteem C. antisocial behavior D. temperament

All of the following are examples of environmental influences on the development of personality disorders except __________. A. learning some behaviors through negative reinforcement B. experiencing certain levels of neglect during childhood C. refusing to display warmth and emotion in adulthood D. being raised by overly protective parents

All of the following are found to have a strong association with individuals who have a personality disorder except __________. A. being an adopted child without a family history of personality disorders B. having a biological relative with a schizophrenic disorder C. being an adopted child with a biological relative with a mental disorder D. having a biological relative with a personality disorder

A person suffering from histrionic personality disorder may display all of the following symptoms except __________. A. having very poor social skills B. dressing provocatively in order to attract attention C. constantly seeking approval or reassurance from others D. having the tendency to be overly dramatic

Some research supports the claim that individuals with antisocial personality disorder may not exhibit the same increase in stress hormone levels when under stress as those without the disorder.

Adoption studies have shown that individuals raised by parents who do not have a personality disorder are not vulnerable to developing a personality disorder even if they have a biological relative diagnosed with one.

Someone diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder often chooses jobs that require minimum contact with others

Therapeutic boarding schools help parents cope with their teens who have borderline personality disorder in all of the following ways except __________. A. teaching the parents how to positively support their teen while they are at home B. providing family therapy while the teen is in treatment C. teaching the parents to persistently support the teen's unstable self-image D. teaching the patient how to interact appropriately with their peers

Which of the following statements regarding obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is not correct? A. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are often preoccupied with strictly following rules. B. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder generally have an inability to express warm emotions. C. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may believe they are socially awkward. D. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder may be excessively concerned with perfection.

A symptom common in all personality disorders is the preoccupation with small details.

The type of disorder in which a person is often emotionally unstable and may cling emotionally to others is known as __________ personality disorder. A. schizoid B. paranoid C. antisocial D. borderline

An individual with a personality disorder is usually too trustful of other people.

Someone diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder often chooses jobs that require minimum contact with others.

Individuals with personality disorders rarely seek treatment for their disorder because they have a general mistrust for others and __________. A. often believe their behavior and way of thinking is completely normal B. usually realize there is no known cure for their disorder C. can manage their symptoms without the care of a doctor D. often become anxious about the inability to control their symptoms

Individuals with a personality disorder tend to believe their behavior is completely normal.