CH. 4: QUIZ Questions

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which A) carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division. B) is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins. C) is made in the nucleolus. D) must be made by the ribosomes.

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of A) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell. B) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. C) ribosomes and steroid hormones. D) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.

As cell size increases, the A) volume and surface area decrease. B) ratio of surface area to volume stays the same. C) surface area increases proportionally more than the volume. D) volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.

Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false? A) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory. B) The Golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum. C) The Golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum. D) The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production.

Skin cells are fastened into strong sheets by A) tight junctions. B) basal bodies. C) communicating junctions. D) anchoring junctions.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false? A) The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion. B) The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. C) The cytoskeleton helps to support cells. D) Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt A) contraction of muscle cells. B) the function of lysosomes. C) the movements of sperm cells. D) the amoeboid motion of a cell.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that A) a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells. B) a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell. C) two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell. D) two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other.

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false? A) Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells. B) Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells. C) Plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single-celled organisms. D) Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls.

The cells that produce hair made of protein contain a lot of ________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ________. A) microbodies; lysosomes B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes D) rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell? A) nucleus B) microtubules C) peroxisome D) endoplasmic reticulum

The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP. A) matrix B) intermembrane space C) stroma D) cristae

Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false? A) Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes. B) Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions. C) Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles. D) Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.

The function of chloroplasts is A) photosynthesis. B) cellular respiration. C) intracellular digestion. D) lipid synthesis.

A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________. A) live cells; dead cells B) cell surfaces; internal cell structures C) internal cell structures; cell surfaces D) dead cells; live cells

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called A) a lysosome. B) a ribosome. C) chromatin. D) a nucleolus.

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell? A) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane B) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane C) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane D) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane

Which of the following statements regarding cells is false? A) All cells have DNA as their genetic material. B) All cells have a cell wall. C) All cells can interconvert forms of energy. D) All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings.

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of A) photosynthesis increases. B) ATP synthesis increases. C) protein synthesis increases. D) ATP synthesis decreases.

A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments would be best, and why? A) a transmission electron microscope, because it has high resolution B) a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells C) a scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces D) a scanning electron microscope, because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing them

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding? A) A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells. B) A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria. C) A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria. D) A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria.

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false? A) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes. B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids. C) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells. D) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. As a result of this, that cell will A) recycle damaged organelles. B) produce replacement lysosomes. C) undergo self-digestion and die. D) undergo cell division.

Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances? A) peroxisomes B) centrioles C) chloroplasts D) mitochondria

One centimeter = ________ millimeters. A) 10 B) 0.10 C) 100 D) 0.01

The function of mitochondria is A) intracellular digestion. B) photosynthesis. C) lipid synthesis. D) cellular respiration.