Bio Chapter 4 And 5

25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
77 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (73)
question
Of the following, the _____, which is enclosed in a membrane, has the greatest amount of internal surface area nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion chloroplast ribosome
answer
Endoplasmic reticulum
question
DNA stands are visualized using a(n) light microscope electron microscope dissecting microscope centrifuge thermocycler
answer
electron microscope
question
The organelles and biomolecules present i homogenized cells can be separated by centrifugation. Which of the following would be found at the top of the centrifugation gradient? golgi mitochondria nuclei ribosomes ATP molecules
answer
ATP molecules
question
Prokaryotes are surrounded by a cell membrane have a nucleus do not have ribosomes have a cell wall similar in composition to that of plant cells are larger than eukaryotic cells
answer
are surrounded by a cell membrane
question
The proteins that makeup the cytoskelton of bacteria are similar to ____ in eukaryotic cells proteases sterols actin transcription factors telomerases
answer
actin
question
which structure is known for its lack in nucleic acids the nucleus mitochondrion plant vacuole ribosome prokaryotic cell
answer
plant vacuole
question
Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These proteins are synthesized by ______ and the carbohydrates are added in the _____. Mitochondrial ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus cytoplasmic ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus; rough endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasmic ribosomes
answer
the rough endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus
question
Which statement about the nucleus of animal cells is true? it occupies the smallest volume of the cell it powers the cells it is enclosed by a single membrane DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins the nucleus is the site of protein synthesis
answer
DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins
question
The endomembrane system is present in prokaryotes includes the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria includes the golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum functions to make ATP does not exist in plant cells
answer
includes the golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum
question
which organelles are involves in energy conversions lysosomes vacuoles chloroplasts peroxisomes nuclei
answer
chloroplasts
question
liver cells are exposed to radio active amino acids, making all proteins synthesized during this time radioactive. The cells are then removed at 5-minute intervals are fractionated. Where in the cells is the radioactively-labeled enzyme lipase performing its intracellular functions? in the endoplasmic reticulum in the golgi apparatus in the lysosomes on ribosomes in the cytoskeleton
answer
in the lysosomes
question
Which organelles are found only in plants glyoxysomes golgi peroxisome mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum
answer
gyoxysomes
question
which structure occupies the largest volumes in a mature plant cells? peroxisome ribosome chloroplast vacuole mitochondrion
answer
vacuole
question
plastids are present in nearly all plant cells always green present in photosynthetic prokaryotes present in all eukaryotes very similar to mitochondria
answer
present in nearly all plant cells
question
which structures are directly involved in the movement of organelles within a cell? golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion microtubules intermediate filaments
answer
microtubules
question
which proteins power the movement of both the cilia and vesicles within a cell myosin actin keratin dynein only kinesin and dynein
answer
kinesin and dynein
question
cilia and eukaryotic flagella propel cells by rotation of structure contain microfilaments contain microtubules that are sufficient to drive movement must have motor protein that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power movement contain centrioles
answer
must have the motor protein that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power movement
question
Amoeba proteus is injected with a drugs that inhibits the formation of microtubules. What effect will this have on the organisms movement? it will survive, but not be able to move it will show hyperactive movement it will die, thus not move it will only be able to move in one direction the drug will have no effect on the organisms movement
answer
the drug will have no effect on the organisms movement
question
the extracellular matrix of animal cells is not involved in chemical ginning between cells aids in blocking materials from passing between tissues contain proteoglycans contain cellulose pigments the cell
answer
contains proteoglycans
question
the presence of ______ means that substances must pass through, rather than between, the epithelial cells that form the lining of the small intestine gap junctions tight junctions desmosomes plasmodesmata microtubules
answer
tight junctions
question
____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. (Activity 7B) Cell walls Flagella Ribosomes Mitochondria Pili
answer
Pili
question
in eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. (Activity 7E) translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons
answer
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
question
the cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. microtubules intermediate filaments microfilaments pili tonofilaments
answer
microtubules
question
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. (Activity 7I) plasmodesmata communicating junctions gap junctions anchoring junctions tight junctions
answer
anchoring junctions
question
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. (Activity 7I) Communicating junctions Tight junctions Anchoring junctions Plasmodesmata Desmosomes
answer
communicating junctions
question
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? (Activity 7J) nucleolus chromatin smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion ribosomes
answer
mitochondrion
question
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. lysosome nucleolus peroxisome rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum
answer
nucleolus
question
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. Mitochondria Peroxisomes Golgi apparatuses Microfilaments Ribosomes
answer
ribosomes
question
Which of these is involved in the manufacture of membrane? (Activity 7J) smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Golgi apparatus nucleolus rough endoplasmic reticulum
answer
rough endoplasmic reticulum
question
Where is calcium stored? (Activity 7J) mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum centrioles rough endoplasmic reticulum microtubules
answer
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
question
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? plasma membrane microtubules chloroplasts microfilaments peroxisomes
answer
microtubules
question
___ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. Mitochondria Nuclear envelopes Chromatin Microfilaments Basal bodies
answer
basal bodies
question
which of the following organelles has a double membrane with pores? lysosome Golgi apparatus mitochondria nucleus chloroplast
answer
nuclues
question
The information center of the cell is the ______. mitochondria chloroplast nucleoli nucleus lysosome
answer
nuclues
question
A threadlike material called chromatin is located within the ______. A) nucleus B) nucleolus C) mitochondria D) lysosome E) Golgi apparatu
answer
nucleus
question
Where is ribosomal RNA produced? A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) lysosomes D) Golgi apparatus E) nucleoli
answer
nucleoli
question
Which organelle produces steroid hormones in the testes and adrenal cortex while detoxifying alcohol in the liver? A) lysosomes B) ribosomes C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) Golgi apparatus
answer
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
question
Which type of organelle forms a membranous system of tubular canals, which is continuous with the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the cytoplasm? A) lysosome B) mitochondria C) Golgi apparatus D) endoplasmic reticulum E) microtubules
answer
endoplasmic reticulum
question
hich organelle contains enzymes that modify proteins and lipids? A) lysosomes B) peroxisomes C) Golgi apparatus D) mitochondria E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
answer
golgi apparatus
question
Which organelle synthesizes proteins for export or repackaging elsewhere? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) free ribosomes D) lysosomes E) Golgi apparatus
answer
rough endoplasm's reticulum
question
The ______ function(s) in the packaging, storage, and distribution of molecules produced by the ER. A) Golgi apparatus B) lysosome C) nucleus D) mitochondria E) centrioles
answer
golgi apparatus
question
Which plant organelle will provide added support to the cell? A) vacuole B) vesicle C) chloroplast D) lysosomes E) Golgi apparatus
answer
vaculoe
question
Lysosomes are vesicles formed by the ______. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) nucleus C) mitochondria D) ribosomes E) Golgi apparatus
answer
golgi apparatus
question
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules? A) rough endoplasmic reticulum B) mitochondria C) centrioles D) lysosomes E) Golgi apparatus
answer
lysosomes
question
The structure of flagella is most similar to that of ______. A) cilia B) basal bodies C) centrioles D) microvilli E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
answer
cilia
question
Which organelle is responsible for the process of photosynthesis? A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) centrioles D) cilia E) lysosomes
answer
chloroplasts
question
Which of the following organelles is the largest and most easily observed with the light microscope? A) mitochondria B) chloroplast C) nucleus D) ribosomes E) lysosomes
answer
nucleus
question
What is the correct organelle sequence for the export of material out of a cell? A) rough ER --> smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus B) smooth ER --> rough ER --> Golgi apparatus C) rough ER --> Golgi apparatus --> smooth ER D) smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus --> rough ER E) Golgi apparatus --> rough ER --> smooth ER
answer
rough er to smooth er to golgi apparatus
question
which organelle is used when the fingers of a human embryo are at first webbed but later freed from one another? A) rough ER B) microtubules C) Golgi apparatus D) mitochondria E) lysosome
answer
lysosome
question
A metabolic disorder involving a missing or inactive enzyme is found in the ______ produced by the _______. A) Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum B) ribosomes, nucleolus C) rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope D) lysosomes, Golgi apparatus E) mitochondria, plasma membrane
answer
lysosomes, golgi
question
The flattened sacs within a chloroplast are called ______. A) matrix B) cristae C) grana D) thylakoids E) filaments
answer
grana
question
What is the function of the centrosome? A) to control the nucleus B) to regulate the assembly of microfilaments . C) to regulate the assembly of microtubules D) to control the Golgi apparatus E) to control the movement of cilia
answer
to regulate the assembly of microtubules
question
Which cytoskeletal structure is found in muscle cells that helps to bring about contraction? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) centrioles D) actin filaments E) microtubules Feedback: Actin filamen
answer
actin filaments
question
Cristae are structures found in the ______. A) Golgi apparatus B) chloroplast C) mitochondria D) lysosome E) centriole
answer
mitochondira
question
Which of the following structures are found in plant cells but NOT in bacteria? A) plasma membrane B) cell wall C) DNA D) ribosomes E) mitochondria
answer
mitochondira
question
why do phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers structures,while oils form small droplets oils are not as hydrophobic as phospholipids the fatty acids in oils prelude bilayer formation oils are energy reserves of cells oils do not have the polar head group that phospholipids have oils and water do not mix
answer
oils do not have the polar head group that phospholipids have
question
which statement about membrane proteins is true? hydrophillic regions of integral membrane proteins are in contact with the interior of the bilayer peripheral membrane proteins may be associated with the phospholipid head groups integral membrane proteins are fixed in place some membrane proteins may be DNA attached to them RNA is found as part of most membrane proteins' structure
answer
peripheral membrane proteins may be associated with the phospholipid head groups
question
in addition to the lipid bilayer and proteins membranes may contain ______ in the form of _____ and ______ nucleic acids; DNA; RNA Carbohydrates; Cellulose; starch triglycerides; fats; oils nucleotides; ATP; GTP carbohydraytes; glycoproteins; glycolipids
answer
carbohydraytes; glycoproteins; glycolipids
question
In animals, cell recognition involves only in glycolipids is mediated by the lipid bilayer invovles soluble proteins involves proteins in the plasma membranes is usually heterotypic
answer
involves soluble proteins
question
which molecules would diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer fastest, if there are no proteins associated with the bilayer h2o nh4+ ch3coo- na+ nh3
answer
nh3
question
Osmosis is the movement of water across selectively permeable membranes the active transport of water across membranes the unidirectional; diffusion of water across membranes a process that is unaffected by solute concentrations inside cells a process that requires energy
answer
the movement of water across selectively permeable membranes
question
if a suspension of red bloos cells is an isotonic NaCl collation was suddenly diluted with pure water by a factor of 10 the cells would pump water out of the cell lose water and shrink swell and lyse take up water, but the cell walls would prevent bursting remain as they are
answer
swell and lyse
question
in facilitated diffusion molecules may be transported against concentration gradient specific integral membrane proteins mediate transport the rate of transport is independent of the concentration of the molecule transported ATP is used Endocytosis is used
answer
specific integral membrane proteins mediate transport
question
The sodium-potassium pump is present in endomembranes is an example of a secondary active transport results in the formation of an Na+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane carries out facilitated diffusion pumps K+ out of cells
answer
results in the formation of an Na+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane
question
receptor-mediated endocytosis is nonspecific allows small molecules to enter cells results in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles directly involves the golgi apparatus is another name for phagocytosis
answer
results in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles
question
hormones are chemical signals that affect adjacent cells work in prokaryotes are autocrine signals travel through circulatory systems are paracrine signals
answer
travel through circulatory systems
question
a universal feature of receptors is that they undergo structural shape changes when the signal molecules is bound are protein kinases are present in the plasma membrane are ion channel proteins do not undergo structural shape changes when the signal molecule is bound
answer
undergo structural shape changes when the signal molecules is bound
question
which statement about receptors and enzymes is true most receptors and enzymes are nucleic acids both receptors and enzymes may be integral membrane proteins receptor ligands, like enzyme substrates are altered during signal transduction receptors and enzymes are not specific for the molecules they bind receptors generally have enzymatic activity, where as enzymes do not
answer
both receptors and enzymes may be integral membrane proteins
question
chemical signal transduction pathways use nonspecific receptors involve binding of the signal molecule to receptor use receptors that are located only on the cytoplasm use receptors that change the ligands they bind all use G proteins
answer
involve binding of the signal molecules to receptor
question
Caffeine is structurally related to GDP bind to a receptor in the brain causes signal transduction by itself is a signal is a depressant
answer
binds to a receptor in the brain
question
adenyly cyclase is located in a manner that cAMP is made of outside cells makes cAMP from ATP with the liberation of phosphate is inactivated by activated G proteins makes cAMP from ATP with the liberation of pyrophosphate is directly activated by receptors
answer
makes cAMP form ATP with liberation of pyrophosphate
question
which statement about signal cascade is true glycogen phosphorylase in liver cells is always active cAMP is reffered to as a "first messenger" epinephrine directly activates adenylyl cylase cAMP is reffered to as a second messenger adenylyl cylase is a protein kinase
answer
cAMP is reffered to as a second messenger
question
which step of the signal transduction cascade that results in glucose release during the "fight or flight" response involves factors other than nucleotide phosphorlylation go glycogen phosphorylase activation of adenyly cylase epinephrine binding to its receptor activation of G protein inactivation of glycogen synthase
answer
epinephrine binding to its receptor
question
the phosphorylation of proteins by ATP is catalyzed by enzymes known as "protein kinases" always stimulated that activity of an enzyme is catalyzed by adenylyl cylase is catalyzed by epinephrine receptor is catalyzed by G protein
answer
is catalyzed by enzymes known as "Protein Kinases"
question
Suppose the concentrain of epinephrine in the bloodstream of an animal drops. The cyclic Amp concentration in liver cells would be expected to ________ because _____ activity would ______ increase; adenylyl cyclase; increase decrease; protein kinase; decrease decrease; phosphodiesterase; decrease increase; protein kinase; increase decrease; adenylyl cyclase; decrease
answer
decrease; adenylyl cyclase; decrease
question
Which protein is used to identify the cell? A) adenylate cyclase B) MHC (major histocompatibility complex) protein C) sodium-potassium pump protein D) chloride ion channel protein E) hemoglobin
answer
B) MHC (major histocompatibility complex) protein
question
A hormone such as insulin acts by attaching to _____ proteins in the plasma membrane and increasing the glucose carriers present. A) receptor B) enzymatic C) carrier D) channel E) cell-recognition
answer
A) receptor