Of the following, the _____, which is enclosed in a membrane, has the greatest amount of internal surface area
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
chloroplast
ribosome
answer
Endoplasmic reticulum
question
DNA stands are visualized using a(n)
light microscope
electron microscope
dissecting microscope
centrifuge
thermocycler
answer
electron microscope
question
The organelles and biomolecules present i homogenized cells can be separated by centrifugation. Which of the following would be found at the top of the centrifugation gradient?
golgi
mitochondria
nuclei
ribosomes
ATP molecules
answer
ATP molecules
question
Prokaryotes
are surrounded by a cell membrane
have a nucleus
do not have ribosomes
have a cell wall similar in composition to that of plant cells
are larger than eukaryotic cells
answer
are surrounded by a cell membrane
question
The proteins that makeup the cytoskelton of bacteria are similar to ____ in eukaryotic cells
proteases
sterols
actin
transcription factors
telomerases
answer
actin
question
which structure is known for its lack in nucleic acids
the nucleus
mitochondrion
plant vacuole
ribosome
prokaryotic cell
answer
plant vacuole
question
Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells contain carbohydrates. These proteins are synthesized by ______ and the carbohydrates are added in the _____.
Mitochondrial ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The rough endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus
cytoplasmic ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus; rough endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasmic ribosomes
answer
the rough endoplasmic reticulum; golgi apparatus
question
Which statement about the nucleus of animal cells is true?
it occupies the smallest volume of the cell
it powers the cells
it is enclosed by a single membrane
DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins
the nucleus is the site of protein synthesis
answer
DNA in the nucleus combines with proteins
question
The endomembrane system
is present in prokaryotes
includes the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria
includes the golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum
functions to make ATP
does not exist in plant cells
answer
includes the golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum
question
which organelles are involves in energy conversions
lysosomes
vacuoles
chloroplasts
peroxisomes
nuclei
answer
chloroplasts
question
liver cells are exposed to radio active amino acids, making all proteins synthesized during this time radioactive. The cells are then removed at 5-minute intervals are fractionated. Where in the cells is the radioactively-labeled enzyme lipase performing its intracellular functions?
in the endoplasmic reticulum
in the golgi apparatus
in the lysosomes
on ribosomes
in the cytoskeleton
answer
in the lysosomes
question
Which organelles are found only in plants
glyoxysomes
golgi
peroxisome
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
answer
gyoxysomes
question
which structure occupies the largest volumes in a mature plant cells?
peroxisome
ribosome
chloroplast
vacuole
mitochondrion
answer
vacuole
question
plastids are
present in nearly all plant cells
always green
present in photosynthetic prokaryotes
present in all eukaryotes
very similar to mitochondria
answer
present in nearly all plant cells
question
which structures are directly involved in the movement of organelles within a cell?
golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
microtubules
intermediate filaments
answer
microtubules
question
which proteins power the movement of both the cilia and vesicles within a cell
myosin
actin
keratin
dynein only
kinesin and dynein
answer
kinesin and dynein
question
cilia and eukaryotic flagella
propel cells by rotation of structure
contain microfilaments
contain microtubules that are sufficient to drive movement
must have motor protein that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power movement
contain centrioles
answer
must have the motor protein that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power movement
question
Amoeba proteus is injected with a drugs that inhibits the formation of microtubules. What effect will this have on the organisms movement?
it will survive, but not be able to move
it will show hyperactive movement
it will die, thus not move
it will only be able to move in one direction
the drug will have no effect on the organisms movement
answer
the drug will have no effect on the organisms movement
question
the extracellular matrix of animal cells
is not involved in chemical ginning between cells
aids in blocking materials from passing between tissues
contain proteoglycans
contain cellulose
pigments the cell
answer
contains proteoglycans
question
the presence of ______ means that substances must pass through, rather than between, the epithelial cells that form the lining of the small intestine
gap junctions
tight junctions
desmosomes
plasmodesmata
microtubules
answer
tight junctions
question
____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. (Activity 7B)
Cell walls
Flagella
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Pili
answer
Pili
question
in eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. (Activity 7E)
translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids
linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide
translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons
answer
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
question
the cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments
pili
tonofilaments
answer
microtubules
question
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. (Activity 7I)
plasmodesmata
communicating junctions
gap junctions
anchoring junctions
tight junctions
answer
anchoring junctions
question
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. (Activity 7I)
Communicating junctions
Tight junctions
Anchoring junctions
Plasmodesmata
Desmosomes
answer
communicating junctions
question
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? (Activity 7J)
nucleolus
chromatin
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
ribosomes
answer
mitochondrion
question
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
lysosome
nucleolus
peroxisome
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
answer
nucleolus
question
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Golgi apparatuses
Microfilaments
Ribosomes
answer
ribosomes
question
Which of these is involved in the manufacture of membrane? (Activity 7J)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
answer
rough endoplasmic reticulum
question
Where is calcium stored? (Activity 7J)
mitochondria
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
centrioles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
microtubules
answer
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
question
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
plasma membrane
microtubules
chloroplasts
microfilaments
peroxisomes
answer
microtubules
question
___ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
Mitochondria
Nuclear envelopes
Chromatin
Microfilaments
Basal bodies
answer
basal bodies
question
which of the following organelles has a double membrane with pores?
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
mitochondria
nucleus
chloroplast
answer
nuclues
question
The information center of the cell is the ______.
mitochondria
chloroplast
nucleoli
nucleus
lysosome
answer
nuclues
question
A threadlike material called chromatin is located within the ______.
A) nucleus
B) nucleolus
C) mitochondria
D) lysosome
E) Golgi apparatu
answer
nucleus
question
Where is ribosomal RNA produced?
A) mitochondria
B) chloroplasts
C) lysosomes
D) Golgi apparatus
E) nucleoli
answer
nucleoli
question
Which organelle produces steroid hormones in the testes and adrenal cortex while detoxifying alcohol in the liver?
A) lysosomes
B) ribosomes
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi apparatus
answer
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
question
Which type of organelle forms a membranous system of tubular canals, which is continuous with the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the cytoplasm?
A) lysosome
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) microtubules
answer
endoplasmic reticulum
question
hich organelle contains enzymes that modify proteins and lipids?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
answer
golgi apparatus
question
Which organelle synthesizes proteins for export or repackaging elsewhere?
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) free ribosomes
D) lysosomes
E) Golgi apparatus
answer
rough endoplasm's reticulum
question
The ______ function(s) in the packaging, storage, and distribution of molecules produced by the ER.
A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) nucleus
D) mitochondria
E) centrioles
answer
golgi apparatus
question
Which plant organelle will provide added support to the cell?
A) vacuole
B) vesicle
C) chloroplast
D) lysosomes
E) Golgi apparatus
answer
vaculoe
question
Lysosomes are vesicles formed by the ______.
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) nucleus
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes
E) Golgi apparatus
answer
golgi apparatus
question
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules?
A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) mitochondria
C) centrioles
D) lysosomes
E) Golgi apparatus
answer
lysosomes
question
The structure of flagella is most similar to that of ______.
A) cilia
B) basal bodies
C) centrioles
D) microvilli
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
answer
cilia
question
Which organelle is responsible for the process of photosynthesis?
A) mitochondria
B) chloroplasts
C) centrioles
D) cilia
E) lysosomes
answer
chloroplasts
question
Which of the following organelles is the largest and most easily observed with the light microscope?
A) mitochondria
B) chloroplast
C) nucleus
D) ribosomes
E) lysosomes
answer
nucleus
question
What is the correct organelle sequence for the export of material out of a cell?
A) rough ER --> smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus
B) smooth ER --> rough ER --> Golgi apparatus
C) rough ER --> Golgi apparatus --> smooth ER
D) smooth ER --> Golgi apparatus --> rough ER
E) Golgi apparatus --> rough ER --> smooth ER
answer
rough er to smooth er to golgi apparatus
question
which organelle is used when the fingers of a human embryo are at first webbed but later freed from one another?
A) rough ER
B) microtubules
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria
E) lysosome
answer
lysosome
question
A metabolic disorder involving a missing or inactive enzyme is found in the ______ produced by the _______.
A) Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum
B) ribosomes, nucleolus
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope
D) lysosomes, Golgi apparatus
E) mitochondria, plasma membrane
answer
lysosomes, golgi
question
The flattened sacs within a chloroplast are called ______.
A) matrix
B) cristae
C) grana
D) thylakoids
E) filaments
answer
grana
question
What is the function of the centrosome?
A) to control the nucleus
B) to regulate the assembly of microfilaments
.
C) to regulate the assembly of microtubules
D) to control the Golgi apparatus
E) to control the movement of cilia
answer
to regulate the assembly of microtubules
question
Which cytoskeletal structure is found in muscle cells that helps to bring about contraction?
A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) centrioles
D) actin filaments
E) microtubules
Feedback: Actin filamen
answer
actin filaments
question
Cristae are structures found in the ______.
A) Golgi apparatus
B) chloroplast
C) mitochondria
D) lysosome
E) centriole
answer
mitochondira
question
Which of the following structures are found in plant cells but NOT in bacteria?
A) plasma membrane
B) cell wall
C) DNA
D) ribosomes
E) mitochondria
answer
mitochondira
question
why do phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers structures,while oils form small droplets
oils are not as hydrophobic as phospholipids
the fatty acids in oils prelude bilayer formation
oils are energy reserves of cells
oils do not have the polar head group that phospholipids have
oils and water do not mix
answer
oils do not have the polar head group that phospholipids have
question
which statement about membrane proteins is true?
hydrophillic regions of integral membrane proteins are in contact with the interior of the bilayer
peripheral membrane proteins may be associated with the phospholipid head groups
integral membrane proteins are fixed in place
some membrane proteins may be DNA attached to them
RNA is found as part of most membrane proteins' structure
answer
peripheral membrane proteins may be associated with the phospholipid head groups
question
in addition to the lipid bilayer and proteins membranes may contain ______ in the form of _____ and ______
nucleic acids; DNA; RNA
Carbohydrates; Cellulose; starch
triglycerides; fats; oils
nucleotides; ATP; GTP
carbohydraytes; glycoproteins; glycolipids
answer
carbohydraytes; glycoproteins; glycolipids
question
In animals, cell recognition
involves only in glycolipids
is mediated by the lipid bilayer
invovles soluble proteins
involves proteins in the plasma membranes
is usually heterotypic
answer
involves soluble proteins
question
which molecules would diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer fastest, if there are no proteins associated with the bilayer
h2o
nh4+
ch3coo-
na+
nh3
answer
nh3
question
Osmosis is
the movement of water across selectively permeable membranes
the active transport of water across membranes
the unidirectional; diffusion of water across membranes
a process that is unaffected by solute concentrations inside cells
a process that requires energy
answer
the movement of water across selectively permeable membranes
question
if a suspension of red bloos cells is an isotonic NaCl collation was suddenly diluted with pure water by a factor of 10 the cells would
pump water out of the cell
lose water and shrink
swell and lyse
take up water, but the cell walls would prevent bursting
remain as they are
answer
swell and lyse
question
in facilitated diffusion
molecules may be transported against concentration gradient
specific integral membrane proteins mediate transport
the rate of transport is independent of the concentration of the molecule transported
ATP is used
Endocytosis is used
answer
specific integral membrane proteins mediate transport
question
The sodium-potassium pump
is present in endomembranes
is an example of a secondary active transport
results in the formation of an Na+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane
carries out facilitated diffusion
pumps K+ out of cells
answer
results in the formation of an Na+ concentration gradient across the cell membrane
question
receptor-mediated endocytosis
is nonspecific
allows small molecules to enter cells
results in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles
directly involves the golgi apparatus
is another name for phagocytosis
answer
results in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles
question
hormones are chemical signals that
affect adjacent cells
work in prokaryotes
are autocrine signals
travel through circulatory systems
are paracrine signals
answer
travel through circulatory systems
question
a universal feature of receptors is that they
undergo structural shape changes when the signal molecules is bound
are protein kinases
are present in the plasma membrane
are ion channel proteins
do not undergo structural shape changes when the signal molecule is bound
answer
undergo structural shape changes when the signal molecules is bound
question
which statement about receptors and enzymes is true
most receptors and enzymes are nucleic acids
both receptors and enzymes may be integral membrane proteins
receptor ligands, like enzyme substrates are altered during signal transduction
receptors and enzymes are not specific for the molecules they bind
receptors generally have enzymatic activity, where as enzymes do not
answer
both receptors and enzymes may be integral membrane proteins
question
chemical signal transduction pathways
use nonspecific receptors
involve binding of the signal molecule to receptor
use receptors that are located only on the cytoplasm
use receptors that change the ligands they bind
all use G proteins
answer
involve binding of the signal molecules to receptor
question
Caffeine
is structurally related to GDP
bind to a receptor in the brain
causes signal transduction by itself
is a signal
is a depressant
answer
binds to a receptor in the brain
question
adenyly cyclase
is located in a manner that cAMP is made of outside cells
makes cAMP from ATP with the liberation of phosphate
is inactivated by activated G proteins
makes cAMP from ATP with the liberation of pyrophosphate
is directly activated by receptors
answer
makes cAMP form ATP with liberation of pyrophosphate
question
which statement about signal cascade is true
glycogen phosphorylase in liver cells is always active
cAMP is reffered to as a "first messenger"
epinephrine directly activates adenylyl cylase
cAMP is reffered to as a second messenger
adenylyl cylase is a protein kinase
answer
cAMP is reffered to as a second messenger
question
which step of the signal transduction cascade that results in glucose release during the "fight or flight" response involves factors other than nucleotide
phosphorlylation go glycogen phosphorylase
activation of adenyly cylase
epinephrine binding to its receptor
activation of G protein
inactivation of glycogen synthase
answer
epinephrine binding to its receptor
question
the phosphorylation of proteins by ATP
is catalyzed by enzymes known as "protein kinases"
always stimulated that activity of an enzyme
is catalyzed by adenylyl cylase
is catalyzed by epinephrine receptor
is catalyzed by G protein
answer
is catalyzed by enzymes known as "Protein Kinases"
question
Suppose the concentrain of epinephrine in the bloodstream of an animal drops. The cyclic Amp concentration in liver cells would be expected to ________ because _____ activity would ______
increase; adenylyl cyclase; increase
decrease; protein kinase; decrease
decrease; phosphodiesterase; decrease
increase; protein kinase; increase
decrease; adenylyl cyclase; decrease
answer
decrease; adenylyl cyclase; decrease
question
Which protein is used to identify the cell?
A) adenylate cyclase
B) MHC (major histocompatibility complex) protein
C) sodium-potassium pump protein
D) chloride ion channel protein
E) hemoglobin
answer
B) MHC (major histocompatibility complex) protein
question
A hormone such as insulin acts by attaching to _____ proteins in the plasma membrane and increasing the glucose carriers present.
A) receptor
B) enzymatic
C) carrier
D) channel
E) cell-recognition
answer
A) receptor
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