Cell Structure And Function

Structure: Surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane) and incloses genetic info. (DNA/RNA) Function: Contains most of the cells genetic material which regulates activities within the cell- "control center of the cell" IT IS IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Holes in the nuclear membrane Function: Substances made in the nucleus move into a cell's cytoplasm through these pores. PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Double membrane with nuclear pores. Function: Surrounds the nucleus and controls what moves into and out of the nucleus. PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Dark region of chromatin in nucleus Function: Produces RNA to help make proteins (where the assembly of ribosomes begin) PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Location of hereditary info. Function: Contains DNA of bacteria PRESENT IN BACTERIA

Structure: Rod shaped organelle bounded by a double membrane. The inner layer is highly folded to forn partitions called cristae. Function: Converts energy stored in food into chemical energy that the cell can use (ATP)- "power house" of the cell *can contain DNA PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Stack of flattened, membranous sacs called cisternae. Function: Modifies, packages, sorts, and transports proteins and lipids. PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Small particles of ribosomal RNA and protein-composed of 2 subunit (a larger and a smaller one) Function: Synthesis of polypeptides (proteins) PRESENT IN ALL CELLS

Structure: Network of membranes with ribosomes and connected to the smooth ER Function: Synthesis and transport of proteins PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Network of membranes without ribosomes Function: Synthesis and transport of lipids (fats) PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Stucture: Small membrane bound sacs Function: Store and transport substances PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Single membrane compartment. In animal cells there are numerous small vacuoles and in plant cells there is 1 large central vacuole. Function: Digestion, chemical storage (salts, proteins, carbohydrates) and maintains water balance. PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Cellulose fibers surrounding the outside of the cell membrane Function: Maintains cell shape and protects the cell PRESENT IN PLANT AND BACTERIA

Structure: Semi-fluid phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol. Function: Regulates movement of substances in and out of cell. Forms a boundary between cell and extra cellular environment. PRESENT IN ALL CELLS

Stucture: Meshwork of proteins and polysaccharides outside the cell membrane. Funtion: Provides support and anchorage for the cells and regulates intercellular communication. Subsatnce inwhich animal cells are embedded-made up of proteins and carbohydrates. PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Specialized double-membrane compartment containing the green pigment chlorophil. Function: Converts light energy into chemical energy (sugar) *can contain DNA PRESENT IN PLANT AND CYANOBACTERIA

Stucture: Small vesicals (single membrane compartment) filled with enzymes. Function: Contains enzymes to digest nutrients, bacteria, and damaged organelles. PRESENT IN ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

Stucture: Small vesical (single membrane compartment) filled with enzymes. Function: Involved in fatty acid metabolism PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Membrane bound cylinder with core of microtubuals (protein cylinders) Function: Long tail like projection that moves the cell itsself or to move substances over or around the cell PRESENT IN SOME ANIMAL CELLS BUT ALL BACTERIA

Stucture: Semi-fluid solution Function: Semi-fluid between nucleus and cell membrane PRESENT IN ALL CELLS

Structure: Microtubule organizing center (including 2 centrioles in animal cells) Function: Spindles form from them PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Short cylinders of microtubules in centrosomes Functions: Helps organize cell division (mitosis) PRESENT IN ANIMAL CELLS

Structure: Complex network of proteins bonded (extensive network or lattice of protein fibers) Function: Maintains cell shape, regulation of cell activities, and assists movement (mobility) of cell parts). PRESENT IN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

Structure: Membrane bound cylinder with core of microtubules Function: short hair like projections that moves the cell itself or to move stubstances over or around the cell PRESENT IN ANIMAL CELLS

Structure: Membrane lined channels between cells Function: A channel between adjacent cells, used for cell communication between plant cells, ensure that water and small solutes can pass freely fron cell to cell. PRESENT IN PLANT CELLS

Structure: Semi-fluid solution outside the nucleus INCLUDING the organelles Function: Semi-Fluid between the nucleus and the cell membrane and includes the organelles (cytosol+oganelles)