Biology II Lecture: Chapter 27

Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot result from A) Transformation B) Transduction C) Meiosis D) Conjugation E) Mutation

Photoautotrophs use A) H2S as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. B) light as an energy source and methane as a carbon source. C) light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. D) N2 as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. E) CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source.

Which of the following statements is not true? A) Archaea and bacteria have different membrane lipids. B) Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA. C) Only some archaea use CO2 to oxidize H2, releasing methane. D) The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan. E) Both archaea and bacteria generally lack membrane-enclosed organelles.

Which of the following involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells? A) Biofilms B) Binary fission C) Endospore formation D) Endotoxin release E) Photoautotrophy

Bacteria perform the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve symbiosis? A) Pathogen B) Gut mutualist C) Aggregate with methane-consuming archaea D) Decomposer E) Skin commensalist

Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs in A) Actinomycetes. B) Cyanobacteria. C) Archaea. D) Chemoautotrophic bacteria. E) Chlamydias.

Select the valid comparison between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. A) Eukaryotes are far more metabolically diverse than prokaryotes. B) The total biomass of eukaryotes is approximately ten times the total biomass of prokaryotes. C) Prokaryotic cells have simpler internal structure and genomic organization than eukaryotic cells.

Identify the thykaloid membrane of the cyanobacterium shown here. A) The thykaloid membrane of the cyanobacterium is a chloroplast membrane. B) The thykaloid membrane of the cyanobacterium is a nucleoid membrane. C) The thykaloid membrane of the cyanobacterium is an infolded plasma membrane.

Which of the following processes contributes to genetic recombination in prokaryotes? A) Meiosis B) Transduction C) Mutation

Approximately how many prokaryotic cells live in 5 mL of fertile soil? A) About 100 million prokaryotic cells B) About 10,000 prokaryotic cells C) About 10 million prokaryotic cells

Select the correct statement about bacteria. A) All organisms with cells containing a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles are eukaryotes, whereas all organisms with cells lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles are bacteria. B) The majority of bacteria cause human disease. C) Certain bacteria live within rocks kilometers below the Earth's surface.

What is the function of fimbriae? A) They are used in motility. B) They protect the cell from dehydration. C) They are components of the outer cell wall in gram-negative bacteria. D) They are used to attach the cell to its substrate or to other prokaryotes. E) They are used to transfer DNA during conjugation.

How does the large amount of genetic variation observed in prokaryotes arise? A) The mutation rate in prokaryotes is much higher than in eukaryotes. B) They have extremely short generation times and large populations. C) They can exchange DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer. D) They have a relatively small genome. E) The second and third answers are correct.

Genes for the resistance of antibiotics are usually located ______. A) In mitochondria B) In eukaryotic cells C) On the outside of the cell wall D) On plasmids E) On the main chromosome

Bacteria that live around deep-sea, hot-water vents obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic hydrogen sulfide belched out by the vents. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon dioxide in seawater. These bacteria are ______. A) Chemoautotrophs B) Photoheterotrophs C) Photoautotrophs D) Chemoheterotrophs

Which statement is true about obligate anaerobes? A) They use O2 for cellular respiration and cannot grow without it. B) They live exclusively by cellular respiration or by anaerobic respiration. C) They obtain energy by oxidizing ferrous ions. D) They are poisoned by O2. E) They will use O2 if it is present, but can obtain energy by fermentation if needed.

The prokaryotic organisms most likely to be found living in salt ponds are the _______. A) Korarchaeota B) Thermophiles C) Extremophiles D) Halophiles E) Methanogens

How are archaeans most similar to bacteria? A) Methanogenesis B) Nucleotide sequence of small subunit ribosomal RNA C) The structure of their cell walls D) The occurrence of introns in their chromosomes E) The shape of their chromosomes and plasmids

An ecological relationship between organisms of different species that are in direct contact can best be described as ______. A) Mutualistic B) Taxis C) Symbiotic D) Commensal E) Parasitic

Which statement about endotoxins are true? A) The source of endotoxins is endospores. B) Endotoxins are components of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. C) Endotoxins are released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down. D) An example of a prokaryote that produces endotoxins is Clostridium Botulinum. E) Endotoxins are proteins secreted by prokaryotes.

Bioremediation is ______. A) The use of organisms to remove pollutants from the environment. B) The use of prokaryotes in producing pharmaceutical products. C) The modification of prokaryotes for industrial purposes. D) The use of biological processes to remedy diseases. E) The use of prokaryotes in producing transgenic organisms.