BIOL231 - Ch20 Test

25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
92 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (88)
question
tunica media
answer
Layer of blood vessels innervated by sympathetic vasomotor fibers.
question
tunica intima
answer
Capillaries consist of only this layer.
question
precapillary sphincter
answer
Structure that regulates blood flow into true capillaries.
question
sinusoids
answer
Wide leaky capillaries found in bone marrow and spleen.
question
vascular anastomosis
answer
A "coming together" of alternate pathways of blood vessels.
question
metarterioles
answer
Precapillary sphincters allow blood to leave this structure and enter true capillaries.
question
dural sinuses
answer
Collective name for the structures that drain the cranium.
question
intercellular clefts
answer
Present in most capillaries, these structures are absent in those of the blood-brain barrier.
question
fenestrated capillaries
answer
Vessels of the small intestines, renal glomerulus, and synovial membranes that allow passage of fluid and solutes through "windows" in the endothelium.
question
vasa vasorum
answer
Microvasculature that provides nourishment to the outer walls of the aorta.
question
tunica media
answer
Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle tissue?
question
through intercellular clefts
answer
Most small molecules pass through a capillary wall through which route?
question
the blood pressure in arteries is high enough that there is no backflow of blood.
answer
Functionally, there are no valves in arteries (as opposed to in veins) because
question
elastic arteries.
answer
Blood pressure is highest in the
question
The first picks up digested nutrients, and the second delivers these nutrients to liver cells.
answer
The hepatic portal system has two distinct capillary beds separated by a portal vein. What are the functions of these two capillary beds?
question
a sac-like widening or outpocketing of an artery.
answer
An aneurysm is
question
anterior to the masseter muscle at the inferior margin of the mandible.
answer
The pulse of the facial artery is palpated
question
a muscular artery.
answer
A blood vessel that ranges from 0.3 mm to about 1 cm in diameter and has a large tunica media relative to the size of the lumen is
question
through the true capillaries.
answer
In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causes more blood to flow
question
palpating between the first and second metatarsal.
answer
The dorsalis pedis artery is located by
question
middle meningeal artery
answer
What artery enters the skull through the foramen spinosum and supplies the inner surface of the parietal bone, dura mater, and parts of the temporal bone?
question
common carotid artery and the femoral artery (in the superior thigh).
answer
Two large (wide) arteries that have relatively superficial locations and are often wounded are the
question
femoral
answer
If a physician cannot feel a pulse in the popliteal fossa, the ________ artery is most likely narrowed by atherosclerosis.
question
superior sagittal sinus.
answer
Of the following, the only unpaired dural sinus is the
question
the azygos vein
answer
Which vessel is missing in the following statement? "Tracing venous blood from the inferior left side of the posterior abdominal wall to the heart, we find that blood enters the posterior intercostal veins, the hemiazygos vein, the superior vena cava, and the right atrium."
question
shortly after birth.
answer
The foramen ovale in the heart normally closes
question
great saphenous vein
answer
Which vessel is most commonly used to bypass a damaged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery?
question
ductus arteriosus
answer
What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?
question
Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
answer
Which of the following statements about arteries is false?
question
celiac trunk
answer
Which branch (or branches) of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach?
question
the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma
answer
The cerebral arterial circle forms a loop around which structures?
question
an inflammatory response to a damaged endothelium.
answer
A common theme to the development of atherosclerosis is
question
the common iliac arteries
answer
The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?
question
the saphenous vein
answer
Which of the following is most likely to become a varicose vein?
question
have pores in their walls.
answer
Fenestrated capillaries
question
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian.
answer
The correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is
question
valves
answer
What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?
question
pinocytotic vesicles
answer
The largest molecules that pass through the walls of typical capillaries are thought to use which route?
question
anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and ophthalmic arteries.
answer
The internal carotid artery branches to form the
question
formation of atheromas.
answer
The major cause of atherosclerosis is due to the
question
the hepatic portal vein.
answer
Most systemic venous blood is both oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor. However, systemic venous blood that is not oxygen-poor and is nutrient-rich occurs in
question
thyrocervical trunk
answer
The ________ delivers arterial blood to the rotator cuff muscles and thyroid gland.
question
an erythrocyte.
answer
The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of
question
They have the largest content of smooth muscle in their tunica media.
answer
Which of the following statements about arterioles is false?
question
renal veins.
answer
Systemic venous blood that is oxygen-poor but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogenous wastes occurs in the
question
dorsal venous network of the hand.
answer
A preferred site to insert intravenous catheters is into the
question
inferior mesenteric artery
answer
Which artery arises from the inferior part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the distal half of the large intestine?
question
posterior tibial
answer
The main arteries of the sole of the foot—the medial and lateral plantar arteries—arise behind the ankle from which artery?
question
cavernous.
answer
A dural sinus that contains a major artery and some cranial nerves within it is the
question
hepatic vein
answer
Which vessel is missing from the following statement? "Tracing blood that drains from the large intestine, we find that blood drains from the distal colon is collected in the inferior mesenteric vein, merges with the splenic vein then directed to the hepatic portal vein, the liver sinusoids, and the inferior vena cava."
question
umbilical vein.
answer
In the adult, the hepatic portal system carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver. In the fetus, nutrients are absorbed at the placenta, and the vessel that carries these nutrients to the liver is the
question
left renal vein.
answer
The right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the
question
inflammation of a vein.
answer
Phlebitis is
question
vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
answer
By definition, veins are
question
the lens and the cornea
answer
Which body tissues lack capillaries?
question
posterior communicating arteries
answer
Which arteries connect the basilar artery and the internal carotid artery forming the posterior aspect of the cerebral arterial circle?
question
posterior interosseous
answer
The extensor muscles of the forearm are supplied by which artery?
question
inferior vena cava.
answer
The lumbar veins drain the inferior posterior abdominal wall and direct oxygen-poor blood into the
question
sigmoidal artery
answer
Which of the following is not a branch of the celiac trunk?
question
inferior vena cava.
answer
The right gonadal vein drains into the
question
hepatic portal circulation.
answer
The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called
question
lungs, left atrium, and ventricle.
answer
Blood passing through the fetal ductus arteriosus bypasses the
question
True
answer
All types of blood vessels contain a tunica intima.
question
False
answer
All arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, whereas veins carry oxygen-poor blood.
question
True
answer
Systemic blood pressure is regulated by adjusting the diameter of arterioles.
question
False
answer
In metabolically active tissues, blood is present in metarterioles, and precapillary sphincters are constricted.
question
True
answer
Postcapillary venules function much like true capillaries.
question
False
answer
The pulse of the posterior tibial artery is palpated behind the knee.
question
True
answer
Veins have less elastin in their walls than do arteries.
question
False
answer
Arterioles and venules have a vasa vasorum to provide nutrients to their outer walls, whereas the inner walls receive nutrients from blood in the lumen.
question
True
answer
The middle and posterior cerebral arteries are connected by the posterior communicating arteries.
question
True
answer
The internal iliac arteries supply blood both to the pelvic organs and to the lower limbs.
question
False
answer
The inferior vena cava ascends on the left side of the vertebral bodies and to the left of the abdominal aorta.
question
True
answer
Muscular arteries regulate blood flow to organs and groups of organs.
question
True
answer
The elastic arteries are the largest arteries near the heart.
question
True
answer
The saphenous vein is not paired with an artery with the same name.
question
False
answer
Paired fetal umbilical veins carry blood from the fetus to the placenta, whereas the unpaired umbilical artery returns blood from the placenta to the fetus.
question
temporal
answer
The ________ pulse can be palpated near the temple anterior to the auricle of the ear.
question
external iliac
answer
The ________ artery descends along the arcuate line of the ilium and passes below the inguinal ligament.
question
thoroughfare channel
answer
In a capillary bed, blood enters by a terminal arteriole, continues through a metarteriole, and exits to a venule by means of a(n) ________.
question
vertebral
answer
The ________ vein descends through the transverse foramina of the first six cervical vertebrae.
question
fenestrations
answer
Capillaries that allow a high degree of flow between the blood and tissue fluid usually have pores called ________ in their membranes.
question
tight junctions
answer
The blood-brain barrier consists of capillaries with complete ________ and no intercellular clefts.
question
valves
answer
The presence of ________ in the veins and the action of skeletal muscle pressing on the walls ensure that blood return to the heart is in one direction.
question
vasa vasorum
answer
The largest blood vessels near the heart have their own blood supply network called the ________.
question
brachiocephalic trunk
answer
The ________ branches to form the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries.
question
portal
answer
Cirrhosis of the liver causes backup of blood in the sinusoids, resulting in a condition known as ________ hypertension.
question
azygos
answer
Venous blood from the right posterior intercostal veins (except the first intercostal space) flows to the unpaired ________ vein and on to the superior vena cava.
question
basilic
answer
Venous blood from the hands can be drained towards the heart through the radial, ulnar, median, cephalic, and ________ veins.
question
Collateral
answer
________ channels, also known as arterial anastomoses, provide alternative pathways of blood to joints.
question
basilar artery
answer
Blood flow to the posterior brain follows the following sequence: subclavian artery, vertebral artery, ________, posterior cerebral arteries.
question
varicose
answer
Veins with compromised valves are called ________ veins.