The shadow cast by a simple stick or obelisk allowed ancient people to
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tell the time of day
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Why wasn't the Sun-centered model of Copernicus immediately adopted after he proposed it?
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it was not noticeably more accurate than the old Ptolemaic model
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An original observation of Galileo's that helped to overturn the ancient Earth-centered model was
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the phases of Venus
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Which of the following are the three key hallmarks of science?
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-Models must make testable predictions that will force us to revise or abandon the model if they do not agree with observations.
- Modern science seeks explanations for observed phenomena that rely solely on natural causes.
-Science progresses through the creation and testing of models of nature that explain the observations as simply as possible.
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What do we mean by a geocentric model of the universe?
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a model designed to explain what we see in the sky while having Earth located in the center of the universe
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What was the Ptolemaic model?
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an Earth-centered model of planetary motion published by Ptolemy
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Which of the following was not a major advantage of Copernicus's Sun-centered model over the Ptolemaic model?
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-It offered a more natural explanation for the apparent retrograde motion of planets in our sky.
-NOT It made significantly better predictions of planetary positions in our sky.
-It allowed calculation of the orbital periods and distances of the planets.
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Consider the hypothetical observation "a planet beyond Saturn rises in west, sets in east." This observation is not consistent with a Sun-centered model, because in this model __________.
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the rise and set of all objects depends only on Earth's rotation
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We never see a crescent Jupiter from Earth because Jupiter __________.
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is farther than Earth from the Sun
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One of the "nails in the coffin" for the Earth-centered universe was
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Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter.
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Imagine for a moment that despite all the evidence, Earth actually is not rotating and orbiting the Sun. Which of these hypothetical observations (none of them are real) would be inconsistent with our Sun-centered view of the solar system?
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We discover a small planet beyond Saturn that rises in the west and sets in the east each day.
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In science, a broad idea that has been repeatedly verified so as to give scientists great confidence that it represents reality is called _________.
Which is not true
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a theory
A theory is essentially an educated guess.
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Only one of the statements below uses the term theory in its correct, scientific sense. Which one?
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Einstein's theory of relativity has been tested and verified thousands of times.
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Kepler's second law tells us that a planet always sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Therefore, Earth sweeps out the same area in any 31-day period, no matter what month it is.
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Both areas are the same.
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All of the following statements are true. Which one can be explained by Kepler's second law?
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Mars moves faster in its orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther from the Sun.
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