APUSH Vocab 1918-1941 Part 3

period after the collapse of Poland, until Hitler attacked Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.

1921 - president harding invited delegates from Europe and Japan, and they agreed to limit production of war ships, to not attack each other's possessions, and to respect China's independence

founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American

Nine black boys were accused of raping two white women near Scottsboro, Alabama

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress' power under the commerce clause. Notably, this was a unanimous decision that declared unconstitutional the National Industrial Recovery Act, a main component of President Roosevelt's New Deal.

He was the head of the Food Administration who also led a charity drive to feed Belgians. He ensured the success of the Food Administration and created a surplus of food through volunteer actions.

Contemptuous slang for unemployment benefit payments received by 2 million unemployed in Britain (by 1921). This plus other social welfare payments helped the British unemployed. Britain was losing its primacy even before WW I but especially after it. There was increasing competition from newly industrialized nations, growth of tariff barriers and indigenous industries in the colonies, new textiles competing with Britain and new fuels besides coal. Losses were accelerated by WW I disruptions. Thus Britain's economy was declining even in the early 1920s when others were starting to revive. Britain therefore made use of the dole to cope with unemployment.

Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business

an American aviator, engineer , and Pulitzer Prize winner. He was famous for flying solo across the Atlantic, paving the way for future aviational development.

director and leader of the Nation of Islam, Elijah taught black to take responsibility of their own lives and reject dependence on whites, similar to Garvey's teachings 7: 1934-1941

1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria

Many of the advisers who helped Roosevelt during his presidential candidacy continued to aid him after he entered the White House. A newspaperman once described the group as "Roosevelt's Brain Trust." They were more influential than the Cabinet.

the 32nd president of the United States. He was president from 1933 until his death in 1945 during both the Great Depression and World War II. He is the only president to have been elected 4 times, a feat no longer permissible due to the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution.

American novelist who satirized middle-class America in his 22 works, including Babbitt (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature.

1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

Work stoppage in which workers shut down all machines and refuse to leave a factory until their demands are met.

Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.

symbol of government corruption; government oil reserves were secretly leased to oil companies in exchange for financial compensation

A twentieth-century American artist whose stark, precisely realistic paintings often convey a mood of solitude and isolation within common-place urban settings. Among his best-known forks are Early Sunday Morning and Nighthawks.

One of the most popular writers of the 1920's who wrote "A Farewell to Arms"

1940 - U.S. agreed to "lend" its older destroyers to Great Britain. (Destroyers were major warships that made up the bulk of most countries' navies.) Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war.

closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen

Enforced codes that regulated wages, prices, and working conditions

4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents

she organized a birth-control movement which openly championed the use of contraceptives in the 1920's.

American physician and social reformer whose plan for a government-sponsored old-age pension was a precursor of the Social Security Act of 1935.