APUSH Chapter 13 Vocab

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

1804-1806 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast.

780-mile long trail from Missouri to Santa Fe that merchants traveled to trade goods. and to travel + settle westward

1822, Austin founded the first settlement of Americans in Texas. In 1833 he was sent by the colonists to negotiate with the Mexican government for Texan independence and was imprisoned in Mexico until 1835, when he returned to Texas and became the commander of the settlers' army in the Texas revolution.

Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)

(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory. under president Polk and ended the war with the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

Joseph.., Mormon gospel supported polygamy (more than 1 wife) - wanted to take followers westward. Joseph died before could leave, so Brigham Young led them to the Great Salt Lake (now Salt Lake City, Utah)

A historical overland route to the western United States extending from various cities on the Missouri River to the Oregon Country and later Oregon Territory. The trail was opened in 1842, and by 1845 more than 3,000 migrants had made the arduous journey. After the coming of the railroad, the trail fell into disuse and was finally abandoned in the 1870s.

(1848) treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico that officially ended the Mexican-American War; Mexico had to give up much of its northern territory to the U.S (Mexican Cession); in exchange the U.S. gave Mexico $15 million and said that Mexicans living in the lands of the Mexican Cession would be protected

In this agreement, Native Americans agreed to stay in a limited area so that the US could build roads. In return for the US promise of money, animals, agricultural tools and that they could have that land forever. "Forever" lasted 7 years when gold was discovered on Indian land.

groups of local settlers on the 1800 frontier who banded together to prevent the price of their land claims from being bid up by outsiders at public land auctions; helped squatters keep land

American blacksmith and industrialist that was responsible for inventing the steel plow. This new plow was much stronger than the old iron version; therefore, it made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster.

The Southwest of the US before we expanded west, making our new southwest farther west (places like Mississippi)

The Trans-Mississippi was the geographic area west of the Mississippi River during the 19th century, containing the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri and Texas, and the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The term was especially used by the Confederate States of America as the designation for the theater of operations west of the Mississippi. The geographical term is generally used today only in matters relating to the study of the American Civil War.

Included people from many Indian nations including Cheyenne, Arapahos, Piutes, and Sioux. Came into great conflict with settlers because settlers did not respect the Indian land.

major overland emigrant route across the Western United States from Missouri to California in the middle 19th century. It was used by 250,000 farmers and gold-seekers to reach the California gold fields. Largely superseded by the railroads

A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory. Forms 60% of the Mexican Population.

Key part of Spain's plan to colonize California. They used these to convert Native Americans to Christianity. Eventually, 20,000 Native Americans lived and worked in them.

Agents who were contracted by the Mexican republic to bring settlers to Texas in the early 1800s.

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

Mexican residents of Texas. Many fought with the Americans in the Revolution, but after Texas was independent, the Americans didn't trust them. The Americans feared they were spies and drove many out of Texas.

Santa Anna's army succeeded in late 1836. His force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio, whose 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo. After repeated attacks, the remaining 187 Texans including Davy Crockett were wiped out and a few weeks later Mexican troops massacred some 350 Teas prisoners.

(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas

Descendents of Spanish and Mexican conquerors; Spanish speaking inhabitants of California they were culture of Mexico carried to California.

Name of the addition of half a million square miles of land to the US in 1848, as a result of victory in the 1846 Mexican War. Result of the Treaty of Guadelupe Hildalgo in 1846 that ended the Mexican-American War

Uprising of Pueblo Indians in New Mexico that broke out in January of 1847 over the imposition of American rule during the Mexican War; the revolt was crushed within a few weeks.