Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin.
answer
False - Protein globin and red heme pigment
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Each HEME contains an atom of iron and can transport one molecule of oxygen.
answer
True - each iron can combine reversibly w/one molecule of oxygen
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Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen.
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False - 4 molecules of oxygen
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Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries.
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False - WBC's are able to do this NOT WBC
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Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas.
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True
question
A condition of leukocytosis indicates over 11,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter in the blood.
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True
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Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs.
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False - eosinophils
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Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes.
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True
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A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood.
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True
question
Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion.
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False- they move through tissue spaces at the site of infection
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Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.
answer
True
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All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes.
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True
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Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes.
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False - involves myeloblast descendants
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Which of the following is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting?
answer
PF3
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What is the average normal pH range of blood?
answer
7.35-7.45
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The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is ________.
answer
hemoglobin F ( Hbf )
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Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?
answer
Pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast)
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Which blood type is called the universal donor?
answer
O
question
Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood?
answer
maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
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Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
answer
prevention of blood loss
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Which of the statements below is an incorrect or false statement?
answer
Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion.
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Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
answer
hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
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As red blood cells age ________.
answer
membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged -
100-120 days
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An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________.
answer
receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen
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The most abundant plasma protein is ________.
answer
albumin
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When neither anti-A sera nor anti-B sera clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________.
answer
O
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Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation.
answer
Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life.
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Blood volume restorers include all of the following except ________.
answer
packed cells
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James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is ________.
answer
within the normal range
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Which of these is not a normal plasma protein?
answer
thromboplastin
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All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________.
answer
low blood viscosity
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No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.
answer
monocytes
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Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
answer
fibrinolysis
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Place the following in correct developmental sequence:
answer
2, 4, 3, 1
proerythroblast, late erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte
question
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________.
answer
pernicious anemia
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The slowest step in the clotting process is ________.
answer
formation of prothrombin activator
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Thromboembolic disorders ________.
answer
include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system
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Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders?
answer
excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
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Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
answer
they are nucleated
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Which of the following is true about blood plasma?
answer
It is about 90% water
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Platelets ________.
answer
stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break
question
Which sequence is correct for the following events?
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
answer
There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
question
Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by ________.
answer
travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise
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All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.
answer
vascular spasm
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When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?
answer
when the father is Rh-
question
Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________.
answer
increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss
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Blood is a ________.
answer
suspension
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What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
answer
kidney
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The formed element ________ can kill parasitic worms.
answer
eosinophil
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A(n) ________ is a committed granular leukocyte stem cell that produces neutrophils.
answer
myeloblasts
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The rarest leukocyte is the ________.
answer
basophil
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Potent platelet aggregates that attract more platelets to the site of an injury are ________ and ________.
answer
ADP and Thromboxane Serotonin
question
The universal recipient blood type is ________.
answer
AB
question
When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called ________.
answer
macrophages
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Destruction of the hematopoietic components of red marrow leads to a condition called ________.
answer
aplastic anemia
question
________ is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected.
answer
normoblast
question
Hemoglobin is composed of ________ polypeptide chains.
answer
4
question
List the general factors that limit normal clot growth
answer
removal of clotting factors
Aspirin - an antiprostaglandin that inhibits thromboxane A2
Heparin - an anticoagulant used clinically for pre- and postoperative cardiac care
Warfarin (trade name Coumadin) - used for those prone to atrial fibrillation
question
When are whole blood transfusions routinely given?
answer
Substantial and rapid blood loss
question
List the most common causes of bleeding disorders
answer
Thrombocytopenia - condition of decreased circulating platelets with vitamin K deficiency and defective clotting cascade
question
List one example for each of these three functions of blood: distribution, regulation, and protection
answer
Distribution - delivering O2 from lungs and waste
Regulation - maintenance of normal ph in body tissues
Protection - prevention of blood loss
question
List the granulocytes and describe their granules
answer
Neutrophil - fine, faint pink granules
Eosinophil - full of pink-orange granules
Basophil - large dark deep purple ganules
question
Why is iron not stored or transported in its free form? In what form(s) is it stored or transported in blood?
answer
Because iron can be toxic. Intracellular iron is stored in protein-iron complexes such as ferritin and hemosiderin.
**FYI**
The body stores iron in Hb (65%), the liver, spleen, and bone marrow
Circulating iron is loosely bound to the transport protein transferrin
question
What determines whether blood is bright red or a dull, dark red?
answer
the amount of oxygen
question
What is the buffy coat found in centrifuged whole blood?
answer
Leukocytes and platelets
question
Name the granulocytes and state their average percentage in whole blood.
answer
Neutrophil 50-70%
Eosinophil 2-4%
Basophil .5-1%
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