AP Gov-Ch.15-The Federal Bureaucracy

1. America dislikes bureaucrats. 2. Bureaucracies become larger each year. 3. Most federal bureaucrats work in Washington D.C. 4. Bureaucracies are ineffective, inefficient, and always mired in red tape.

One of the key inducements used by political machines. A patronage job, promotion, or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone.

The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill.

Executive talent, political skills, men, women, white, non-whites, come from the private sector, and leave quickly.

To prohibit government employees from active participation in partisan politics.

1. It has a hierarchical authority structure. 2. It uses task specialization. 3. It depends on extensive rules. 4. It operates on the merit principle. 5. It requires impersonality so all clients are treated equally.

Acquisitive, Monopolistic Model - Views top level bureaucrats as constantly seeking to expand the size of their budget and the staffs of their departments or agencies to gain greater power and influence in the public sector.

(Aka Donald Trump) There is very little rational decision making being made in bureaucracies. Bureaucrats try things and very little analysis is done to see if the policies are effective or not.

1. Cabinet departments. 2. Regulatory agencies. 3. Government corporations. 4. Independent agencies.

Both have the public's interests in mind and cater to the citizens.

1. They provide a service that could be handled by the private sector. 2. They charge for their services through often at rates cheaper than what the consumer would pay.

1. General service administration - Handles building supplies, and purchases. 2. National science foundation - Science research. 3.National aeronautics and space administration - Space travel.

1. Creating a new agency. 2. Translation of policy goals. 3. Coordination of resources and personnel to achieve the goals.

1. Bad design. 2. Lack of clarity. 3. Lack of resources. 4. Lack of uniform to organization. 5. Lack of standard operating procedures. 6. Fragmentation.

1. Save time. 2. Create uniformity for complex organization. 3. Improves fairness and makes personnel interchangeable.

Authority given by Congress to the federal bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in implementing laws.

Is it opened the door for states to regulate certain business within their border.

1. A grant of power and set of directions from Congress. 2. A set of rules and guidelines by the regulatory agency itself. 3. Some means of enforcing compliance with congressional goals and agency regulations.

The typical system of regulation whereby the government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed and punishes offenders.

According to Charles Schultze, a more effective and efficient policy than command-and-control; in this market like strategies are used to manage public policy.

1. Raises prices. 2. Hurts America's competitive position abroad. 3. Does not always work well.

1. Appoint the right people to head the agency. 2. Issue order. 3. Alter an agent's budget. 4. Reorganize an agency.

1. Influence the appointment of agency needs. 2. Alter an agency's budget. 3. Hold hearings. 4. Rewrite the legislation or make it more detailed.

The tight relationship between employees in government agencies, interest groups, and legislators and their staff members, all of them who share an interest in specific policy issues and works behind the scenes to shape laws and public policy.

Interest groups, scholars, and other experts that communicate about debate, and interact regarding issue of interest and thus influence public policy when the legislature act on those issues.

Bureaucracy has not grown in two generations but rather it actually has shrunk and it is too small. Also it's role has expanded to providing services to farmers, business, and workers. Bureaucracy can't prevent president and Congress from deregulating areas of the economy or cutting taxes.