Speech Final

The first step in speech-making is choosing a topic for your speech.

The central idea of a speech often emerges after you have done your research and have decided on the main points of the speech.

Most often, your general purpose as a speaker is to inform or to persuade.

Brainstorming is a method of generating ideas for a speech through free association of words and ideas.

After choosing a topic, what is the next step of speech preparation?

"The major responsibilities of an athletic trainer are preventing, diagnosing, and treating injuries" is an example of a well-worded central idea for a speech.

The specific purpose statement indicates precisely what the speaker hopes to accomplish in a speech.

"To persuade my audience to give blood and to support the Wilderness Society" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement for a classroom speech because it

According to your textbook, the central idea of a speech should encapsulate the major ideas of your speech and

To persuade my audience that our school should provide more on-campus parking for students; is an example of a well-worded specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech.

"To inform my audience about golf" is an example of an effective specific purpose statement for a speech.

The central idea should encapsulate or sum up the main points to be developed in the body of the speech.

After choosing a topic, the next step in speech preparation is determining your central idea.

The specific purpose of Stephanie's informative speech is "To inform my audience about ballet." Are there any flaws in Stephanie's specific purpose?

According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience?

What are the two types of audience analysis discussed in your textbook?

Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should

If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about the war in Vietnam, the most important demographic factor to consider in analyzing your audience would probably be the:

A landlord with a bad reputation among students for her high rent, deceptive advertising, and refusal to return security deposits is speaking to a campus group about how the city's new zoning law will affect students. The most important factor the landlord should consider in her situational audience analysis is probably her listeners':

The fact that audiences are egocentric means that

As explained in your textbook, __________ audience analysis usually builds on demographic audience analysis.

You are giving a speech on a community building project to a local service organization at its monthly luncheon. Dessert dishes are being cleared away as you walk into the overcrowded, overheated room. The most important situational factor to consider when adapting to your audience would probably be the:

If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the issue of illegal immigration, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its:

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn the strength of your listeners' attitudes for or against animal research, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask?

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn why some of your listeners had not signed organ donor cards, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask?

As Amanda analyzed the audience for her speech about organic foods, she focused on such things as their gender, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in __________ audience analysis.

When preparing a speaking outline, you should

As explained in your textbook, subpoints in a preparation outline should be

According to your textbook, in a speaking outline, the conclusion should be

According to your textbook, the main reason to keep a speaking outline brief is to

According to your textbook, which of the following should be included in a preparation outline?

According to your textbook, transitions, internal summaries, and other connectives should be

Outlining is important to public speaking because an outline helps a speaker

Two types of speech outlines discussed in your textbook are the

According to your textbook, the speaking outline

Arranged in random order below are a main point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

According to your textbook, as Bekah prepares her preparation outline for her speech on spiders, she should remember to include all of the following except

As discussed in your textbook, delivery cues on a speaking outline may include

As your textbook states, public speaking is a form of empowerment because it gives speakers the ability to manipulate people.

Someone coughing in the audience or walking in late during a presentation are examples of what element in the speech communication process?

In the midst of a speech about volcanoes, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on the faces of her listeners. In response, she says, "Let me explain that point again to make sure it's clear." When this happens, the speaker is

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?

To say that public speaking is a way to make a difference about something we care about is to recognize that public speaking is

Some nervousness before you speak is usually beneficial.

Most of the nervousness public speakers feel internally is not visible to their listeners.

Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, "Oh, I messed up." She then finished her speech, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to be reminded about?

Your goal in public speaking is to have your intended message be the message that is actually communicated.

Ethnocentrism is an advantage to speakers who seek to understand the values, beliefs, and customs of audiences from different cultures.

Public speaking usually requires more formal language than everyday conversation.

Thinking positively about your ability to give a speech is one way to control your anxiety about speaking.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with stage fright? a) a and b only b)Acquire speaking experience. c)all of the above d)Don't expect perfection. e)Turn negative thoughts into positive ones.

Public speaking is more highly structured than everyday conversation.

Organizing ideas for presentation in a speech is an important aspect of critical thinking.

According to your textbook, the knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message is called the listener's

Ethnocentrism is unique to western cultures such as those in the United States and Europe.

Researchers suggest that you counter every negative thought you have about your speeches with at least five positive ones.

When you adjust to the situation of a public speech, you are doing on a larger scale what you do every day in conversation.

Most public speaking situations involve two-way communication.

Communication skills, including public speaking, are often ranked first among the qualities employers seek in college graduates.

In many aspects of public speaking, you will employ the skills of critical thinking.

Tanya went to the beach instead of staying in town and working on her speech. When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who had already taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya's actions?

As a matter of ethics, audience members should listen attentively to and agree with everything a speaker says.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to avoid incremental plagiarism?

The ethical obligation of a speaker to be fully prepared increases as the size of the audience increases.

It is only necessary to identify your source in a speech when you are quoting directly, rather than paraphrasing.

The three guidelines for ethical listening discussed in your textbook are:

Ethical issues can arise at every stage of the speech-making process.

For his informative speech, Douglas told his classmates how to get free food at a drive-through restaurant. Rather than focusing on legitimate deals, such as student discounts or coupons, Douglas talked about ways to trick employees into believing you had already paid for food when you had not. His instructor gave the speech a poor grade because it violated the ethical criteria for public speaking presented in your textbook. The guideline Douglas violated was:

Taking someone's entire speech and passing it off as your own is a form of unethical behavior called global plagiarism.

Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speak

The aim of an ethical speaker is to accomplish his or her goals by any means necessary.

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

As your textbook explains, technical language is especially helpful for explaining ideas in informative speeches.

To personalize ideas means that speakers present their thoughts in human terms that relate to the experiences of audience members.

Informative speeches about processes are usually arranged in chronological order.

If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the major kinds of dog breeds," you would probably organize your speech in __________ order.

Your textbook discusses four kinds of informative speeches—speeches about objects, speeches about concepts, speeches about processes, and speeches about events.

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?

A public speaker should avoid direct references to the audience in the body of an informative speech.

"To inform my audience how to create their own blog" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a process.

Which of the following is discussed in your textbook as a guideline for effective informative speaking? a)Relate the subject directly to the audience. b)Use at least one visual aid with each main point. c)Don't overestimate what the audience knows. d)all of the above e)a and c only

Your textbook recommends using words such as "you" and "your" to help get the audience involved in an informative speech.

One of the major barriers to effective informative speaking is overestimating what the audience knows about the topic.

Research suggests that connectives are less important in speeches to inform than in speeches to persuade.

Informative speakers need to work as hard as persuasive speakers at relating the topic directly to the audience.

Nina's persuasive speech contained the following statement: The lack of a national law requiring seat belts on school buses is a serious problem in the United States. Last year alone, 437 children were killed and more than 5,000 injured in accidents involving school buses. Given all the advances in automobile safety in recent years, how can we continue to allow our children to ride in unsafe vehicles? Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Nina address in this excerpt?

According to your textbook, questions of policy a)usually contain the word "should." b)also involve questions of fact and value. c)seldom come up in our daily lives. d)all of the above. e) a and b only.

The three types of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of

Which organizational pattern is especially effective for persuasive speeches that seek immediate action by listeners?

As your textbook explains, if you want to persuade a skeptical audience, you need to

A persuasive speech exploring the truth or falsity of an assertion is known as a speech on a question of

As your textbook explains, whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to

In a speech seeking to persuade his audience to donate blood, Ian explained how little time the donation process would take from their busy schedules. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Ian address in this part of his speech?

Which of the following specific purpose statements is from a persuasive speech seeking immediate action?

According to your textbook, you should think of your persuasive speech as

Li's persuasive speech contained the following statement: To solve the problem of decreasing personal privacy due to electronic data-gathering by businesses, I propose more stringent privacy laws. These laws should impose strict controls on the collection of personal information by businesses. These laws should also include stiff penalties for anyone who uses personal information for unauthorized purposes. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Li address in this excerpt?

The following set of main points for a persuasive speech on a question of policy follows which pattern of organization? Installing filtering software on computers in homes, schools, and public libraries is a more effective way of controlling children's access to Internet pornography than is parental monitoring. Installing filtering software on computers in homes, schools, and public libraries is a more effective way of controlling children's access to Internet pornography than are government regulations.

Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. They are

Of all the kinds of speech-making, __________ speaking is the most complex and the most challenging.

That part of the audience a speaker most wants to persuade is called the

According to your textbook, which pattern of organization is used in the following set of main points for a persuasive speech urging the audience to donate time to famine-relief organizations? Donating time to famine-relief organizations is more effective than donating money because it reduces a country's dependence on foreign aid. Donating time to famine-relief organizations is more effective than donating money because it creates a personal connection to the people you are helping.

As your textbook explains, when you give a persuasive speech on a question of __________ , you can seek either passive agreement or immediate action from your audience.

Persuasive speeches on questions of __________ argue for or against particular courses of action

The following set of main points for a persuasive speech on a question of policy follows which pattern of organization? Bacterial meningitis is a deadly disease that can spread easily on college campuses. Every college student should be required to get vaccinated against bacterial meningitis.

The major reason Monroe's motivated sequence is such an effective way of organizing persuasive speeches that seek action from listeners is because it

According to your textbook, persuasion is a psychological process in which listeners engage in a __________ with the speaker.

According to your textbook, persuasive speakers have an ethical obligation to a)learn about all sides of an issue. b)use visual aids when discussing practicality. c)present their evidence fairly and accurately. d)all of the above. e)a and c only.

Heather gave her persuasive speech on the problem of teenage alcoholism. In her first main point, she showed how serious the problem is. In her second main point, she explained why the problem had reached its current proportions. In her third main point, she presented some ways of coping with the problem. What organizational pattern did Heather use in her speech?

According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are

According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker produced by everything the speaker says or does during the speech itself is called

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about shielding children in the U.S. from Internet pornography when millions of children around the world continue to be sold into slavery every year?

When reasoning analogically, you infer that

According to your textbook, the strongest source of emotional appeal in persuasive speaking is

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? We have only two choices. We can either adopt a year-round school system or raise a nation of second-rate intellects.

According to your textbook, research has shown that

According to your textbook, which of the following statements is true? a)Emotional appeal is incompatible with ethical public speaking. b)A public speaker should not substitute emotional appeal for evidence and reasoning. c)Emotional appeal is usually inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of fact. d)all of the above e)b and c only

The bandwagon fallacy

When committing the fallacy of false cause, a speaker assumes

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? My Volkswagen constantly needs repairs, and so does my roommate's Toyota. We can see, then, that foreign cars are unreliable.

As your textbook explains, reasoning is

What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? We should be taking every step we can to protect our health. Getting vaccinated against bacterial meningitis will help protect our health. Therefore, each of us should get vaccinated against bacterial meningitis.

According to your textbook, when you reason in a persuasive speech from a general principle to a specific conclusion, you are using

According to your textbook, what error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? How can we reduce our dependence on foreign oil? The answer is simple—just get rid of our cars. In Chile, there is only 1 car for every 100 people, compared to almost 8 cars per 100 people in the United States. If Chile can do it, then we can too.

According to your textbook, all of the following are tips for using evidence in a persuasive speech except

The ad hominem fallacy

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? It doesn't make sense to force small children to ride in special car seats. Generations of children have ridden in cars without them, and they survived just fine.

When giving a persuasive speech to an audience that opposes your point of view, it is especially important that you use _________ to answer their objections to your views.

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If we encourage elementary school students to use computers in the classroom, they will spend less time reading books. As a result, they will fall way behind in developing reading, writing, and thinking skills. Pretty soon we will have a generation of illiterates on our hands.

According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech is called _________ credibility.

A red herring fallacy

According to your textbook, a fallacy is

According to your textbook, what error in reasoning should a speaker watch out for when using causal reasoning in a persuasive speech? a)claiming a causal link between two events when they are merely coincidental b)assuming that events have only one cause when there may be multiple causes c)committing the post nobis fallacy of using inappropriate causal evidence d)all of the above e)a and b only

As explained in your textbook, the credibility of a speaker before he or she starts to speak is called _________ credibility.

When reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, you should be careful to

As explained in your textbook, when delivering a commemorative speech, you should take special care to a)provide a detailed biography of the person being commemorated. b)heighten appreciation for the person being commemorated. c)use creative language to express feelings and sentiments. d)all of the above. e)b and c only.

According to your textbook, the fundamental purpose of a commemorative speech is to

Before presenting the college's Athlete of the Year award, the athletic director made a point of praising the two athletes who were runners up in this year's competition. According to your textbook, was this choice appropriate for a speech of presentation?

According to your textbook, in a speech of acceptance a speaker should usually a)thank the people who are bestowing the award. b)praise himself or herself for having the talent to win the award. c)express appreciation for the people who helped him or her gain the award. d)all of the above. e)a and c only.

One method recommended in your textbook for creating a sense of drama and anticipation in a speech of introduction is to

What does it mean to say that a speech of introduction should be "adapted to the main speaker"?

Which of the following is an example of a commemorative speech?

As your textbook explains, when you give a speech of introduction, you should be sure to adapt your remarks to the a)occasion. b)audience. c)main speaker. d)all of the above. e)a and b only.

When Carlos Bustamante received the Alumni of the Year award at his alma mater's annual award dinner, he gave a speech thanking the school for recognizing his work. What kind of speech did Carlos give?

According to your textbook, the main purpose of a speech of presentation is to present

One main purpose of a speech of introduction is to

Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a guideline for a speech of introduction?