Public Speaking Chapter 1-14

A form of communication which has much in common with modern public speaking is A) conversation. B) lecturing. C) revising. D) declamation.

One of the ways that public speaking and conversation are different is that public speaking is A) unplanned. B) more formal. C) too boring. D) more casual.

In the communication process, what is the term for something that interferes with the communication process? A) channel confusion B) decoding C) noise D) encoding

When a speaker watches and listens for audience response and adapts the delivered message to that response, the speaker is reacting to audience A) noise. B) language. C) feedback. D) context

5) The environment or situation in which a speech occurs is termed A) channel. B) feedback. C) context. D) communication

What a public speaker says and how she or he says it is referred to as A) the effect of the message on the audience. B) the message itself. C) the listener or receiver of the message. D) the channel by which the speech is delivered.

The sending and receiving of messages during a speech is A) concurrent between speaker and audience. B) first done by the speaker, then later by the audience. C) done only by the speaker. D) done only by the audience

Being an audience-centered public speaker A) influences every step of the speech making process. B) requires that you consider the culture of the audience C) influences the speech topics that you choose D) all of the above

The three types of general speech purposes are A) to entertain, to introduce, and to inform. B) to entertain, to inform, and to persuade. C) to persuade, to convince, and to move to action. D) to inform, to demonstrate, and to persuade.

What aspect of speech preparation contains the summary of your message? A) the specific-purpose statement B) the central idea C) the general-purpose statement D) the supporting material

The three major divisions of a speech are A) the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. B) the introduction, the preview, and the main points. C) the introduction, the body, and transitions. D) the introduction, the conclusion, and the delivery.

From topic selection to outlining, what should be the central focus in speech preparation? A) the occasion B) the speaker C) delivery D) the audience

Our beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong are our A) ethics. B) laws. C) truths. D) rules.

Lifting key passages from sources you do not credit in your speech is an unethical practice known as A) plagiarism. B) paraphrasing.C) misquoting. D) attribution.

When in doubt about information commonly known, as a speaker you should A) just assume that listeners know it. B) refrain from using it in your speech. C) use it, but do not worry about citing the source. D) document it.

If you attempt to convince listeners that they should find small ways to ʺget back at the governmentʺ by cheating on their income tax returns, you are violating a speaking ethic which expects speakers to A) give the listener choices. B) have a clear, responsible goal. C) use sound evidence and reasoning. D) acknowledge their sources.

Using sound evidence and reasoning in a speech is an example of A) an ethical guideline. B) a clever way to manipulate. C) an audience analysis strategy. D) not required in classroom speeches

When facing public speaking anxiety, the goal for the speaker should be to A) eliminate it. B) increase it to help increase performance. C) manage it positively. D) share it with the audience to engage their sympathy.

Right before her speech, Tasha says in her mind, ʺI can DO this. I am excited about sharing this material with my audience. I am a powerful, confident speaker.ʺ Is this is a helpful technique to reduce nervousness and build confidence? A) Yes, this is a nerve-calming technique the text refers to as giving yourself a mental pep talk. B) Yes, but only if she says it aloud, saying it in her head will only increase anxiety about the speech. C) No, if sheʹs so nervous she needs to talk to herself, sheʹs in trouble and shouldnʹt do the speech. D) No, an accomplished, confident speaker shouldnʹt need this kind of pep talk.

Grace knew her speech backwards and forwards. She rehearsed it over and over, timing it to make sure she didnʹt run over the time limit. When she actually delivered the speech, she found herself much less nervous and much more confident than she expected to be. Which guideline for developing confidence provided in your text applies here? A) Act calm to feel calm. B) Be prepared. C) Re-create the speech environment when you rehearse. D) Know your audience

Which of the following can help you deal with speech anxiety? A) Positive visualization B) Writing your speech in manuscript form and reading it directly as it's written. C) Focusing on the message, not on your nervousness D) A and C of the above.

The stages of the listening process include: A) Selecting, attending, understanding and remembering B) Selecting, attending, empathizing, remembering C) Selecting, listening actively, taking notes, understanding D) Attending, determining the central idea, understanding and outlining

2) Barriers to effective listening include: A) Information overload B) Noise C) Prejudice D) All of the above

A listener who is able to evaluate the reasoning, logic, and quality of the speakerʹs ideas is: A) a sensitive listener. B) a critical listener. C) an ethical listener. D) an effective listener.

You're worried that your speech to the PTA on the need for more parental volunteerism will cause the audience to lose attention. What should you do? A) There is really nothing a speaker can do in a situation like this; if the audience loses attention, that is their fault and they should have stayed at home. B) You should make the speech as short as possible, while still managing to include your main points. C) You should build in redundancy and make your ideas really clear, so as to avoid the speech rate-thought rate difference. D) You should probably not do a speech at all if you think the audience will lose attention; instead, simply do a discussion or question-and-answer session.

When Meredith begins her speech about women in the workplace, Ralph thinks to himself, "Oh no; not more of that feminist stuff again."What listening problem is Ralph exhibiting? A) prejudice B) insensitivity C) listening for the central idea only rather than for details D) focusing on the speaker's delivery instead of the message

What is ethnocentrism? A) the belief that almost everyone in a cultural group will agree on core beliefs and values B) the attitude that the diverse cultural beliefs around the world should be respected by all C) the attitude that one's own cultural approach is superior to those from other cultures

A speaker who analyzes the audience's' occupation, age, ethnicity and education is analyzing its A) cultural awareness B) .psychology C) Demographics D) Attitude toward the speech topic

Trying to determine what an audience believes or thinks about a speech topic is termed A) psychological analysis. B) environmental analysis. C) informational analysis. D) demographic analysis.

An examination by the speaker of the time and place of the speech, size of the expected audience, and the speaking occasion is A) a situational analysis. B) a formal analysis. C) a demographic analysis. D) a North American analysis.

In a psychological analysis, which of the following concepts are what the audience asserts are true or false? A) values B) attitudes C) beliefs D) feelings

A situational audience analysis includes an evaluation of A) the influence of your audience based on income, occupation, and education. B) the age, gender, ethnicity, race, and culture of your audience. C) the time and place of your speech, the size of your audience, and the occasion. D) the attitude, beliefs, and the values that are held by your audience.

Analyzing and adapting to your audience as you speak A) is necessary as part of the complete audience-centered speaker. B) is difficult and should not be attempted by novice speakers. C) is necessary when feedback from your audience is verbal. D) is not necessary as part of the formal speaking situation.

The specific group of audience members that you, as a speaker, most wish to address or influence is your A) diverse audience. B) uninterested audience. C) target audience. D) captive audience.

What is an important aspect of extemporaneous speaking? A) Being aware of nonverbal feedback from the audience. B) Adapting to nonverbal feedback from the audience. C) Writing a polished speech, then reading the speech from a manuscript exactly as it was written. D) All of the above E) A and B of the above.

Considering the needs, interests, and expectations of listeners during the entire speech preparation process is called A) being audience-centered. B) being an ethical public speaker. C) demographic audience analysis. D) being speaker-centered.

Speeches that you present will be either to inform, to persuade, or to entertain. This goal for your speech is knows as its A) general purpose. B) blueprint. C) central idea. D) specific purpose

The speaker's statement as to the behavioral change she or he wants from the audience is known as the A) specific purpose. B) general purpose. C) blueprint. D) central idea.

A complete, declarative sentence that summarizes your speech is known as the A) specific purpose. B) general purpose. C) central idea. D) behavioral objective.

"Gold" is not an appropriate topic for a speech because: A) it is too broad B) it is too shallow C) it isn't audience-centered D) B and C of the above

A properly worded central idea or thesis statement A) is a single sentence summarizing your speech. B) can be a paragraph, if necessary. C) tells your audience what to do. D) is a logical division of your specific purpose.

The term "periodicals" refers to A) books. B) indexes. C) magazines and journals D) all of the above.

Discussing your speech topic with someone who is knowledgeable on the subject is a method of gathering support material known as A) expert testimony. B) research. C) interviewing. D) peer testimony.

What is the first source of supporting material a speaker should rely upon? A) dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials B) her or his own personal experience and knowledge C) published sources, such as books, magazines, and newspapers D) scientific journals that contain reports of current research

This is considered a critical factor in evaluating Web resources. A) objectivity B) accuracy C) pleasing visual design D) All of the above E) A and B of the above

Jack used Internet sources for his informative speech about gun control. However, his over-reliance on the National Rifle Association site caused his speech to be slanted in one direction, rather than presenting multiple sides of the issue. Which of the six criteria for evaluating Internet sources did Jack ignore? A) objectivity B) accuracy C) usability D) accountability

A lengthy illustration with a plot beginning, climatic point, and end is called A) a literal illustration. B) a brief illustration. C) an extended illustration. D) a hypothetical illustration.

A short illustration of no longer than a sentence or two is called A) a hypothetical illustration B) a brief illustration. C) an explanation. D) a literal illustration.

When someone, who is a recognized authority in a specialized area, states his/her opinion, this is considered A) expert testimony. B) individual opinion. C) lay testimony. D) a literary quotation.

Testimony from a mother whose child has Autism is: A) factual material. B) expert testimony. C) lay testimony. D) unbiased testimony.

Producing word pictures that allow your audience to mentally see, hear, smell, touch, or taste something is a process known as A) illustration. B) definition. C) explanation. D) description.

If, as supporting material for a speech, you give reasons or causes for a policy, principle, or event, you are A) defining. B) describing. C) explaining why. D) explaining how

What are important guidelines for the use of statistics in a speech? A) Use statistics that are mainly from secondary sources. B) Use as many statistics as you can find because they enhance credibility. C) Use reputable, authoritative, unbiased sources for your statistics. D) Report a statistic down to the last decimal point, to be thorough and accurate.

The method a speaker uses to arrange her or his main ideas is termed A) the last resort. B) the organizational pattern. C) the preliminary outline. D) the speaking outline.

The pattern of speech organization used in a speech topic that progresses in order of time is A) a topical pattern. B) a cause-effect pattern. C) a spatial pattern. D) a chronological pattern.

When your central idea naturally divides into various areas to be supported, the organizational pattern is A) chronological. B) causal. C) spatial. D) topical.

If your speech topic concerns something that occupies physical space, the organizational pattern may be A) cause-effect. B) chronological. C) spatial. D) topical.

A speech topic that presents an issue that needs resolving can effectively be organized as A) problem-solution. B) recency pattern. C) cause-effect. D) chronological.

Hypothetical illustrations, description, and opinions are considered to be A) soft evidence. B) relevant evidence. C) specific evidence. D) hard evidence.

When you save the most important material for last, you are using the principle of A) primacy. B) specificity. C) recency. D) complexity.

The main reason to use previews, summaries, and signposts is to A) keep your audience on track with your speech. B) keep your speech simple so you don't get confused. C) make the speech long enough to fill the time period. D) make sure you completely cover your topic.

Every speech you give will have three basic parts; the first part is A) the specific purpose. B) the introduction. C) the summary. D) the central idea.

The steps to a speech introduction include: A) Gaining attention, revealing the topic, relating the topic to the audience, establishing credibility and previewing the main ideas B) Gaining attention by using humor, establishing your purpose in speaking, and repeating the central idea. C) Startling the audience, revealing your central idea, and previewing your visual aids D) Announcing to the audience that you plan to inform or persuade them on an important topic, making a reference to the occasion, and revealing your specific purpose.

Proximity in an introduction means A) standing in a position close to the audience. B) using material that is recent. C) relating the topic to the audience. D) having the audience trust the speaker.

It is important in an introduction to build trust with the audience, to have them believe you and like you. This is known as speaker A) likability. B) popularity. C) credibility. D) trustworthiness.

To gain the audience's attention, you may: A) Use humor, if it is related to your speech topic B) Use an illustration. C) Use an interesting or startling fact or statistic D) All of the above.

No matter what else you do in a speech introduction, don't forget to: A) Relate the topic to the audience B) Use humor C) Startle the audience D) All of the above

What is the technique called when a speaker makes reference to the introduction in the conclusion? A) unnecessary repetition of material B) providing a sense of closure C) a good way to summarize the speech D) a way to build speaker credibility

Meg has just finished her last main point, with its subpoints and supporting material. She concludes by saying "Finally..."then refers back to her introductory story. Does this describe an appropriate conclusion? A) Yes; Meg created a smooth bridge between her speech body and the conclusion. B) No; Meg forgot to add a summary of her points before concluding. C) Yes; Meg provided closure by tying the introduction and conclusion together. D) No; Meg forgot to add a plea for action from her audience.

Reemphasizing the central idea in a memorable way, moving an audience to action, and providing closure are all functions of A) the speech conclusion. B) the speech introduction. C) the specific purpose. D) the central idea.

Just as a traveler needs a map for a journey, a speaker needs a map for a speech. This detailed map of a speech is A) a delivery outline. B) a bibliography. C) an audience analysis. D) a preparation outline.

The outline which contains the specific purpose, the introduction, all main ideas with supporting material, and a conclusion is A) the delivery outline. B) the preparation outline. C) the numerical outline. D) the preliminary outline.

The delivery outline is A) the same as the preparation outline, without the specific purpose. B) the preparation enlarged and double-spaced. C) never contains delivery cues D) shorter than the preparation outline.

Complete sentences are used in your preparation outline A) for only the main ideas of your outline. B) only for direct quotations. C) for your main ideas and subpoints. D) for all areas of your preparation outline.

Why should you use complete sentences in a preparation outline, according to the text? A) because this will help you judge the coherence of the speech B) because this will help you to realize the importance of good grammar. C) because you will use these exact same sentences when you deliver the speech D) because this will ensure that you use the best wording possible for the speech

What is the major benefit of using correct outline form? A) It points out possible phrases to help you remember. B) It helps you remember the main ideas of your speech. C) It points out relationships between ideas and material. D) It is neat and appropriate for speechmaking.

When developing a preparation outline, you should write out everything but A) directions for delivering your speech. B) your specific purpose and a blueprint. C) transitions and signposts. D) your main ideas and all support.

The delivery outline A) should be brief and have speaking notes. B) should always include a Works Cited list C) should have the specific purpose at the top. D) should be written in complete sentences.