Hist 140 Exam 2 Chapters 5-8

What best describes representation within the United States' national political structure today? virtual representation actual representation no representation constitutional monarchy unicameralism

Who wrote the following: "One of the strongest natural proofs of the folly of hereditary right in kings is that nature disapproves it, otherwise she would not so frequently turn it into ridicule, by giving mankind an ass for a lion"? Thomas Jefferson Jonathan Boucher James Chalmers Ben Franklin Thomas Paine

What was one important legacy of the Declaration of Independence? It immediately resulted in Great Britain granting independence to its colonies. Spain welcomed the document, printing multiple copies for its citizens. It inspired future revolutions against despotic governments. It led to an immediate alliance with France. It weakened the resolve of British military commanders fighting against the Patriots.

What strategy worked well for the colonists in fighting the British during the American Revolution? Washington's army used full-frontal assaults. The Continental army and militias deployed hit-and-run tactics. Washington preferred to let the Native Americans fight for the colonists. The Continental Congress handed over most of the war effort to the French. Washington kept the training of his men to a minimum to ensure morale stayed high.

The Sugar Act alarmed colonists, in part because it: increased the tax on molasses and made rum more expensive to produce. made sugar, a key consumer good, too expensive. mandated that violators of the act be tried in a court with a jury. eliminated the admiralty courts, which colonists had long favored. threatened the profits of colonial merchants already in economic trouble.

Violent social turmoil in rural areas during the 1760s: was due entirely to Great Britain's Proclamation of 1763, banning western settlement. ended when the British army drove out Native Americans beyond the line of settlement. flourished because the British army had no interest in going beyond coastal cities. led to the creation of the Sons of Liberty. involved events in both northern and southern colonies.

The Olive Branch Petition: was meant to ease tensions among the organized political parties within the Continental Congress. enabled northern and southern colonies to work together. convinced Thomas Paine that he had enough support to write Common Sense. was Parliament's final attempt to explain virtual representation to the colonists. was addressed to King George III and reaffirmed American loyalty to the crown.

The main point of The American Crisis is: that the Continental Congress should agree to peaceful reunification with Britain. to inspire American soldiers to continue to fight despite demoralizing military losses. that independence was too costly a goal for the colonies. to encourage European powers to provide military assistance to the cause of American independence. a prediction that the war would end unhappily for supporters of independence.

Cornwallis was defeated at Yorktown because: he had no land or water escape route. he was overwhelmed by Washington's much larger and better trained army. General Clinton had withdrawn from Yorktown, leaving Cornwallis vulnerable. most of his troops were cold, starving, and ready to surrender. King George III ordered an end to the war.

British possessions in the West Indies: were handed over to the new United States in the Treaty of Paris. issued their own declarations of independence in the late 1770s. remained loyal to the crown during the American Revolution because their leaders feared slave uprisings. all fell into the hands of the French, either through conquest or treaty, as a result of the American Revolution. were divided during the American Revolution: some islands sent regiments to the Continental army, while others proudly fought for the king.

During the 1780s, what would an American say was the best option for Native Americans in the United States? become farmers fight work with American settlers leave the United States ask help from the British

Despite many slaves being emancipated during and right after the American Revolution, why did the number of slaves increase by 200,000 from 1776-1790? As compensation for the war, the British sent many slaves from the Caribbean to the United States. The Quakers gave up on the idea of trying to abolish slavery. Owning slaves in the South was seen as a key ingredient to economic autonomy. The North increased its demand for slaves and surpassed the amount of slaves residing in the South. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson endorsed slavery.

What served as a sort of "school of political democracy" for the members of the "lower orders" in the colonies-turned-states? the Protestant Church the lower house of the state legislatures the taverns the militia the first public schools

The constitution of which state eliminated all property and tax qualifications for voting in 1777? Vermont New York Maryland Virginia Massachusetts

An example of anti-Catholicism during the 1770s was the: barring of Catholics from southern state militias. Second Continental Congress's refusal to accept aid from Catholic France. widespread arrests of Catholics as potential British spies by Pennsylvania authorities. famous attack on a Boston convent by Massachusetts minutemen. First Continental Congress's denunciation of the Quebec Act.

Benedict Arnold offered which justification for his treason? He believed George Washington treated his soldiers poorly. America's new alliance with France, a Catholic state, was too much for him to bear. He was a distant cousin of King George III through marriage. He believed that until the United States abolished slavery, its cause to liberty was hypocritical. He considered the cause of independence already lost.

Thomas Jefferson's views on religion and Christian doctrines: were very similar to those expressed by Isaac Backus, a Baptist leader. show that he actively sought to stamp out religious worship. indicate he did not believe in a benevolent Creator. demonstrated his rejection of the divinity of Jesus. found widespread acceptance among evangelicals in the new nation.

Which of the following groups did NOT include a significant proportion of Loyalists during the Revolutionary War? Anglican ministers and imperial officials Highland Scots in North Carolina southern backcountry farmers wealthy New York families slaves hoping for freedom with a British victory

What policy did the new United States pursue in its dealings with Native Americans? The U.S. government generally left them alone because it was busy trying to restore order after the war. The U.S. government tried to protect them from encroachment by backcountry farmers, as required by the Treaty of Paris. The U.S. government set out to dispossess the Native Americans of their remaining rich lands and drive them westward. The U.S. government pursued a policy of outright extermination. The U.S. government recognized Indian claims to their traditional lands from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River.

What did South Carolina promise every white volunteer at the war's end? a musket of his own two acres of land the right to vote one hundred shillings a slave

Which of the following was NOT a key obstacle to the abolition of slavery in the Revolutionary era and new nation? the Lockean belief in protecting property against outside interference the idea that slavery for blacks made freedom possible for whites the fact that slavery was an old institution in America the widespread fear that freed slaves would move west and unite with Indians the reality that a high percentage of some states' populations consisted of slaves

Who publically referred to slavery as a "national crime" that would one day bring "national punishment"? Thomas Jefferson Joseph Brant Lord Dunmore George Washington Benjamin Rush

Republican motherhood encouraged: greater educational opportunities for women. a radical change in the patriarchal structure of the family. women to become public speakers for various social causes in the 1780s. widespread resentment among women. a significant increase in women's direct involvement in politics in the 1780s.

Which type of government demonstrates a clear-cut separation of powers? Articles of Confederation United States Constitution Constitutional monarchy Continental Congress French monarchy

By banning the importation of slaves with the Constitution by 1808, what did critics of slavery hope to accomplish? They wanted to start a civil war. They wanted to weaken the shipbuilding industry in the United States. They hoped cutting off the supply would eventually end slavery in the United States. They hoped the national government would focus on developing manufacturing. Their goal was to weaken the Quakers, who were critical of slavery.

Which of the following scenarios can potentially be seen as a violation of the First Amendment? An accused thief spends two years in jail before receiving a trial. A corporation fires an employee for voicing his or her opinion on the presidential election. A defendant in his trial is forced to testify. A woman is arrested for organizing a peaceful meeting to protest the federal government's actions. Police officers suspect that a man is a thief, but enter and search his home before they obtain a warrant.

In the 1780s, settlers in western areas such as Tennessee and Kentucky: were especially attentive to what land belonged to Indians and purchased Indian land legally. found that the soil was poor for growing cash crops such as tobacco or cotton and moved westward. believed they had a right to take possession of western lands and use them as they saw fit. were largely wealthy plantation owners who helped settle thriving trading towns along the rivers. threatened civil war because they considered the Confederation Congress to be too powerful.

Which of the following did states NOT do during the period when the Articles of Confederation governed the United States? They imposed their own tariffs. They printed their own money. They postponed debt collection. They called out militias to stop foreclosures on the homes of debtors. They held legislative elections in which candidates attacked creditors.

What proposal by Alexander Hamilton found little support in the Constitutional Convention? a democratically elected Congress, president, and judiciary life terms for president and senators a strengthened Congress, but no executive or judiciary granting states the right to create their own tariffs the inclusion of a Bill of Rights

Why was the original House of Representatives so small, with only 65 members? It was not; it had the 435 members it has now. The founders assumed that only prominent individuals could win elections in large districts, and that is what the founders wanted. The founders thought that only five people per state were enough. Since each state had one vote in the House, the founders thought that this would make debate more cordial. There was a housing shortage in Philadelphia, so there was nowhere for more members to stay.

The relationship between the national government and the states is called: the separation of powers. the New Jersey Plan. Federalism. the Virginia Plan. the Constitution.

Which of the following is NOT a check against presidential power in the Constitution? Congress can override a president's veto with a two-thirds vote. The House can impeach the president for "high crimes and misdemeanors." The House can remove the president from office after impeaching him. Congress has the authority to accept or reject some presidential appointments. Although the president appoints judges, they serve for life to ensure their independence.

In The Federalist, James Madison argued that:: the large size of the United States was a source of political stability. to be a republic, a country must be geographically small. church and state must be linked in order to encourage republican virtue. it was essential that slavery be abolished for liberty to flourish. presidential power must be stronger than that of Congress and the courts.

Which of the following groups tended to be Anti-Federalist during the ratification debates? wealthier citizens rural residents closely tied to the commercial marketplace merchants engaged in foreign commerce state politicians fearful of a strong central government urban artisans, laborers, and sailors

By the 1790s, the phrase "we the people" had come to mean what? The lower classes of society would share in the economic growth. The president would be elected directly by the people. Voting rights should increase for both men and women. America should remain a nation of farmers. Rights were increasing for white Americans.

When looking at today's United States economically, whose visions and ideas seem to have become the most realized? Alexander Hamilton's ideas on government subsidies for businesses Thomas Jefferson's promotion of America being mostly a nation of small farmers John Adams's support of the Alien and Sedition Acts James Madison's support of free trade with England George Washington's backing of Jay's Treaty

What activity in today's world would the Democratic-Republic societies most likely praise? a militia group patrolling the American borders a cable news show debating American government policy the American government supporting a dictator in order to trade for more oil the police preventing television coverage of its response to a riot politicians calling for a quota system for immigration

What was a great irony of the election of 1800? The election finished in a tie. The House of Representatives had to pick the winner. The Democratic-Republicans won their first election. George Washington was not alive to see the results. Alexander Hamilton advocated for Thomas Jefferson.

What did Americans consider the most important benefit of the Louisiana Purchase? It ensured an essential marketplace for western farmers. It provided essential raw materials. It allowed friendly Native Americans to become part of the United States. It provided access to many more bison. It provided land for railroads.

Why can a case be made for the War of 1812 actually starting in 1811? News traveled slowly due to limited technology. The British took control of forts in the Midwest. Tecumseh, a Native American chief, had been killed in 1811. The British blockaded the American coastline. William Henry Harrison attacked Native American villages in 1811.

Even though the Treaty of Ghent did not resolve the impressment issue, what helped to slow down this British policy? Various Native American tribes were defeated west of the Appalachian Mountains. France's defeat by the British ended the war in Europe. The United States gave up claims to Canada. American sailors lacked the skills to serve on British warships. Andrew Jackson defeated the British at New Orleans.

When George Washington took office as the first president of the United States, American leaders believed that the new nation's success depended on: creating political parties as a means of channeling the people's passions. maintaining political harmony. protecting all forms of freedom. Washington's willingness to serve until he died. coining money.

Which of the following was NOT part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program? creating a new national debt, thereby giving bondholders a stake in the nation's future the Bank of the United States, modeled on the Bank of England a tax on whiskey producers as a means of raising revenue taxes and subsidies to promote American manufacturing a national capital city with experimental manufacturing

Pierre Charles L'Enfant is well known for: leading a slave rebellion in Saint Domingue. designing Washington, D.C. masterminding the XYZ affair. negotiating the Louisiana Purchase. writing Letters from an American Farmer.

Benjamin Banneker was: a scientist who helped survey the new national capital. congressional leader of the opposition to Hamilton in the early 1790s. the secretary of war who publicly disagreed with Washington over Indian policy. an African-American slave whose capture inspired the Fugitive Slave Law. the first black person elected to Congress when he won election in the "Revolution of 1800."

The 1796 election pitted John Adams and Thomas Pinckney against: James Madison and John Marshall. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Aaron Burr and John Jay. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr.

Who wrote a petition to Congress as the president of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, calling for the end of slavery? Mathew Lyon Patrick Henry Sarah Morton Mary Wollstonecraft Benjamin Franklin

Gabriel's Rebellion: was doomed to fail because the African-American population of Richmond was so small. demonstrated that the slaves were as aware of the idea of liberty as anyone else. inspired Virginia to adopt a gradual emancipation law in 1803. failed partly because its leaders were plantation slaves, who had less contact with the outside world and were unaware of how little support they enjoyed. prompted several states to pass laws requiring slaves to be educated about the Constitution and the importance of obeying the law.

What was the significance of the case of Marbury v. Madison? It was John Marshall's first case as chief justice. The Supreme Court asserted the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court declared that presidential power was greater than congressional power. The decision gave states important new powers to block a too-powerful federal government. Marbury's win meant that he became the new chief justice, a post he held for twenty-one years.

The land involved in the Louisiana Purchase: had been claimed by France from the 1600s until the United States acquired it. included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest. was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands. stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. consisted only of what is today the state of Louisiana and the southern half of Arkansas.