SWRK102

10 January 2023
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85 test answers

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The largest white, non-Hispanic ethnic group in the United States in 2008 was:
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German
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Which term is used to refer to a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant group have over theirs?
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minority group
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In sociological terms, a minority is the same as a:
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subordinate group
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The sociological concept of minority can be described as a:
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group that experiences limitations and barriers to life's opportunities
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Members of a minority or subordinate group generally marry within their group because:
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members of the dominant group are often unwilling to join a minority group by marrying into it
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Which term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences?
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racial group
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The U.S. has used skin color as the standard for race designation with:
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two categories: Black and White
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Which term is used to describe a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns?
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ethnic group
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Ethnicity refers to:
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cultural differences
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Jewish Americans are considered by sociologists as an ethnic group because:
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they share a cultural tradition that goes beyond theology
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African American sociologist W.E.B. DuBois said in 1900 that the century's major problem would be:
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the color line
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The concept of race is:
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socially constructed
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Research shows that differences in intelligence scores between Blacks and whites are almost eliminated when:
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adjustments are made for social and economic characteristics
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When belief in the inheritance of behavior patterns is coupled with the feeling that certain groups are inherently superior to others it is called:
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racism
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The hierarchical system for possession of wealth, prestige, or power is called:
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stratification
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Which of the following theoretical perspectives tends to emphasize how the multiple parts of society are structured to maintain its stability?
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functionalist theory
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Racial beliefs serve all of the following functions for the dominant group except
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leading to feelings of responsibility among dominant group's members for subordinate group problems
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Exaggerated generalizations about the characteristics of members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group are known as:
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stereotypes
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In certain situations, we may respond to stereotypes and act on them, with the result that false definitions become accurate. This is known as the:
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as:
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colonialism
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The deliberate systematic killing of an entire people or nation is called:
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genocide
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Ethnic Serbian deportation of and violence towards Bosnian Muslims is termed:
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ethnic cleansing
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The war between the Hutu and Tutsi people of Rwanda would be considered:
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genocide
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The removal of over 10,000 ethnic Romas (Gypsies) from France beginning in 2009 is an example of:
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expulsion
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Legally sanctioned segregation exists for which group in the U.S. today?
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Native Americans
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The merger of two diverse groups by a process of biological and cultural mixing is called:
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amalgamation
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The process by which an individual gives up his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture is known as:
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assimilation
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Pluralism refers to the existence of:
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diverse cultures co-existing in the same society.
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The status of being between two cultures at the same time is:
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marginality
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The Afrocentric perspective counters
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Eurocentrism
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The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others is known as:
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ethnocentrism
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All of the following are true about White privilege except
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this advantage is very visible to the White people who enjoy it.
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When asked about their whiteness, most white people are likely to
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see themselves as victims of reverse discrimination
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Prejudice is:
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a negative attitude, not behavior
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Prejudice leads to:
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categorical rejection
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The process of denying certain opportunities and equal rights or privileges to individuals and groups is known as:
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discrimination
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Reluctant liberals are those who:
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discriminate if there is social pressure to do so.
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The best way to influence reluctant liberals towards less discriminatory behavior is:
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through equal-opportunity legislation
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The owner of a car dealership refuses to hire a female applicant not because he feels women are incompetent but because he fears that customers will be less likely to buy a car from a woman. According to Merton, the owner is being a(an):
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reluctant liberal
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A person who harbors prejudice but will not discriminate if it costs money or reduces profits is called:
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a timid bigot
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A group that is blamed irrationally for society's problems or difficulties is known as a:
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scapegoat
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All of the following are characteristics of an authoritarian personality except:
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disrespect for authority
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The exploitation theory explains
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the basis of racial discrimination in the United states
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Exploitation theory points out that prejudice is:
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used by the white working class to minimize competition from minorities
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A prejudiced person develops more tolerant views when he moves to a community where people are less prejudiced. This is an example of:
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normative theory
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A lawyer finds himself becoming more sexist as he competes with three women for a position in a prestigious law firm. This is an example of:
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scapegoating theory
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Viewing Blacks as superstitious, Whites as uncaring, Jews as shrewd are examples of
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stereotyping
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When asked to estimate the prevalence of hard-core racism, one-quarter of African-Americans say that:
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more than half of Whites share the attitudes of groups like the Klu Klux Klan
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A study of New York City police released in 2011 found that:
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racial minorities are more likely to be stopped than are White people
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Color-blind racism refers to the use of race-neutral principles to defend:
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the racially unequal status quo
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Intergroup hostility refers to prejudice
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by minorities toward other minorities
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Studies consistently document that increased formal education is associated with:
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racial tolerance.
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Asking people their willingness to work with or be employed with people of different ethnic backgrounds measures their level of:
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social distance
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If interracial contact is to reduce prejudice, it must:
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be between people of equal status
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A Hispanic college student from the southwest U.S. arrives at college to find that her roommate is a Jewish woman from New York. As they get to know one another they are able to overcome their initial prejudices and grow to appreciate each other's strengths and talents. This is an example of the:
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contact hypothesis
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Research on internet dating has found that:
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the digital bubble allows people to avoid others they perceive as different
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Sociologists refer to the conscious experience of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities as:
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relative deprivation
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A fixed standard based on a minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be expected to exist is called:
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absolute deprivation.
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The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups for prejudices or other arbitrary reasons is:
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discrimination
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In a study of the effect of race on housing opportunities in post-Katrina New Orleans, the researchers found that:
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African-Americans were more likely to be told that apartments were not available
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Groups who are most organized against discrimination are those who are experiencing
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absolute deprivation
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Total discrimination refers to current discrimination operating in the current labor market and:
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past discrimination
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Institutional discrimination:
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is frequently unintended and unconscious
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Which of the following would NOT be considered a form of institutional discrimination?
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an employer refuses to higher workers who speak English with an accent
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Currently 13% of the African American male population is prevented from voting in the U.S. because they have been convicted of a felony crime. This is an example of
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institutional discrimination
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The majority of reported hate crimes are related to the ________ of the victim.
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race
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Which of the following is true about the wage differential between men and women?
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women with a masters degree earn less than men with a bachelor's degree
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In a study of job seeking, four men (two white, two black) applied for jobs with 350 employers. The findings revealed that:
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White applicants with a jail record received more callbacks than Black applicants with no criminal history
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The key to social change in regard to racial inequality has been:
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government intervention
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Over the last 50 years, the gap between the incomes of Black women and White men has:
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remained unchanged
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Based on data released in 2011, which of the following groups has the lowest median income?
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Hispanic females
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Men and women earn the same median annual income at which level of education?
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at every level of education men earn more on average than women
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In 1972 the Civil Rights Act was amended to include:
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employers with as few as 15 employees
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Minorities are discriminated against by redlining when:
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mortgages are denied for houses in minority neighborhoods
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When Pizza Hut refuses to deliver pizza in certain neighborhoods and home repair services refuse to work on houses in certain neighborhoods, this is called:
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service redlining
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Over the course of a generation, inequality in wealth between African-Americans and White Americans has:
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increased
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Environmental justice refers to:
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the right to live in communities free from the threat of hazardous waste.
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Which term refers to positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities?
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affirmative action
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The Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional for universities to adopt flexible admissions programs that use race as one factor in decision-making in the:
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Bakke case
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Anita Juarez is successful in the personnel relations department of the corporation she works for, but is blocked in her efforts to make a lateral move into marketing, the key to executive positions. This is an example of:
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glass walls
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Glass ceiling describes:
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Barriers that block the promotion of a qualified worker because of gender or minority membership
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John earned his degree in nursing and after six months on his first job was promoted into a supervisory position. This is an example of:
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glass escalator
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Affirmative action has been aimed at institutional discrimination exemplified by all of the following except:
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racist individuals serving on admissions boards
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Studies show that the group most likely to run into academic trouble in higher education is:
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racial minorities
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Critics of affirmative action call for:
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Color-blind policies