SOC-210: Chapter 3 Questions

11 September 2022
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B
answer
The O. J. Simpson murder case and Hurricane Katrina are examples which of the following? a. two recent U.S. natural disasters b. how the media reflects racist ideology c. Gramsci's concept of hegemony d. cultural scripts in news media
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C
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Fewer and fewer groups own more and more of the media. The media can be said to be increasingly: a. socialized. b. media-ized. c. centralized. d. culturalized.
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C
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All of the following are part of the "three general principles" of the movie industry's Production Code, EXCEPT: a. No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it. Hence the sympathy of the audience should never be thrown to the side of crime, wrongdoing, evil, or sin. b. Correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment, shall be presented. c. Language such as the seven words you can never say on television shall not be broadcast before 11:00 P.M. d. Law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created for its violation.
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A
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The belief that happiness and fulfillment can be achieved through the acquisition of material possessions is known as: a. consumerism. b. materialism. c. buyerism. d. shopaholic-ism.
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C
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Culture can be said to be anything but: a. behavior. b. psychology. c. nature. d. symbols.
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C
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Ideologies are: a. systems that change only when massive revolutions take place in particular societies. b. systems that remain constant over time. c. often brought into question when certain aspects of that ideology are challenged. d. no longer existent in modern societies.
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D
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In the United States, six major companies, including Disney and Time Warner, own what percentage of the media? a. 30% b. 60% c. 75% d. 90%
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A
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If you are a member of a subculture, like the goth subculture, you can be sure that the meaning of certain words and the behavior of the members: a. can be different within the group. b. remain consistent across the group. c. differ greatly from the dominant culture. d. remain consistent for several years and then change across the groups.
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A
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Which of the following was a poet and cultural critic who defined culture as the pursuit of perfection and broad knowledge of the world, in contrast to narrow self-centeredness and material gain? a. Matthew Arnold b. ร‰mile Durkheim c. Dalton Conley d. Karl Marx
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B
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Norms are to ____________ as values are to ____________. a. attitudes; behavior b. behavior; attitudes c. consistency; change d. change; consistency
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D
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Sociologists tend to study culture: a. only as it applies in their home context. b. only as it applies to foreign cultures. c. as it applies to historical cultures. d. as it applies to foreign, historical and home cultures.
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A
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First names that are given to males often cross over to females in the United States, according to Lieberson's research. This is referred to as: a. the androgyny of names. b. socially structured naming. c. the gendering of names. d. the cross-cultural impact on names.
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D
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Margaret Mead wrote Coming of Age in Samoa (1928), where she found that women in Samoa engaged in and enjoyed casual sex before they were married. This finding challenged: a. ideology. b. sexual scripts. c. cultural scripts. d. all of the above.
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B
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The rapid social changes in Europe, particularly in Great Britain during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, were mainly due to: a. the rise of the feudal system. b. industrialization. c. new farm implements. d. decrease in the population.
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B
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Baseball in the United States and cockfighting in Bali are examples of which of the following? a. counterculture b. nonmaterial or symbolic culture c. cultural scripts d. ethnocentrism
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B
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Culture tends to be: a. stable. b. relative. c. concrete. d. within the person's personality.
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C
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One of the two main categories of culture that includes values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors is known as: a. subculture. b. counterculture. c. nonmaterial or symbolic culture. d. material culture.
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D
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The first interracial kiss in a film took place in: a. 1890. b. 1920. c. 1945. d. 1967.
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B
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In 1941, Time Magazine ran an article comparing Chinese and Japanese. These descriptions reflected: a. true biological differences in the two groups. b. the state of mind of Americans at the time. c. true depictions of Chinese but not of Japanese. d. true depictions of Japanese but not of Chinese.
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D
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While they are difficult to define, ____________ are smaller subgroups within a larger dominant society that share some of the dominant cultural values, but also have some of their own, unique material and nonmaterial or symbolic culture. a. high cultures b. low cultures c. mini-cultures d. subcultures
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B
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Low culture such as hip-hop music is also known as: a. counterculture. b. popular culture. c. cultural scripts. d. cultural relativism.
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D
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Class mobility and equal opportunity have their roots in: a. the feudal system in England 600 years ago. b. China from the 1700s. c. communist Russia of the 1950s. d. the United States' idea of the American Dream.
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D
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According to data presented in Chapter 3, by 1964, what percentage of U.S. households had a television set? a. 25% b. 50% c. 78% d. 92%
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A
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The act of turning media against itself, such as the actions of Rockin' Rollen and Adbusters, is called: a. culture jamming. b. hegemony. c. domination. d. reflection theory.
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C
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Which of the following is true regarding future plans by McDonald's in the Arab region? a. It plans to open 1,000 new restaurants. b. It plans to open about 10 new restaurants. c. It plans to close 175 restaurants. d. It plans to remain the same size.
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A
answer
Since the Production/Hays Code was abolished in 1967, racism and sexism have: a. remained the same in the media. b. completely disappeared in the media. c. disappeared in the media in the northern and western United States, but is still evident in the South. d. disappeared in the South, but is still evident in other parts of the United States.
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D
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If a person judges another group by his or her own standards, he or she is being: a. culturally relative. b. realistic. c. symbolic. d. ethnocentric.
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C
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An example of nonmaterial culture is: a. money. b. books. c. values. d. cars.
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C
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Gramsci's concept for getting people to do what you want them to do by force and sometimes violence is known as: a. socialization. b. hegemony. c. domination. d. rebellion.
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A
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The longer American military power stays in Muslim countries, anti-Americanism will probably: a. decrease. b. disappear. c. increase. d. remain the same.
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A
answer
The belief that happiness and fulfillment can be achieved through the acquisition of material possessions is known as: a. consumerism. b. materialism. c. buyerism. d. shopaholic-ism.
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D
answer
Similar to sociologists' research, Herbert Gans (1979) studied television news outlets' decisions on what to include (or not to include) in the news. What did he find? a. Most news outlets are always non-biased in their decision making. b. News outlets are usually non-biased, as required by the FCC. c. One or two news outlets are notoriously biased. d. All news outlets are biased.
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D
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You see an advertisement on television for a new burger at McDonalds. The next day you are riding by McDonald's and decide to drive in and give it a try. This would be called a: a. long-term deliberate media effect. b. short-term unintended media effect. c. long-term unintended media effect. d. short-term deliberate media effect.
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C
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Subcultures: a. can be easily differentiated from the dominant culture. b. don't exist in cultures where everybody is the same. c. are hard to definitively define. d. exist only in cultures where power between classes exists.
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B
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Gender and engaging in enjoyable premarital sex are examples of learned behaviors that are not natural or universal, and are known as: a. subcultures. b. cultural scripts. c. material culture. d. counterculture.
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A
answer
If you are a member of a subculture, like the goth subculture, you can be sure that the meaning of certain words and the behavior of the members: a. can be different within the group. b. remain consistent across the group. c. differ greatly from the dominant culture. d. remain consistent for several years and then change across the groups.
question
D
answer
Margaret Mead wrote Coming of Age in Samoa (1928), where she found that women in Samoa engaged in and enjoyed casual sex before they were married. This finding challenged: a. ideology. b. sexual scripts. c. cultural scripts. d. all of the above.
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A
answer
What political theorist developed the concept of hegemony? a. Antonio Gramsci b. Karl Marx c. Emile Durkheim d. Max Weber
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C
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What invention can be said to have created the first truly mass media? a. television b. national newspaper c. printing press d. radio
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D
answer
Which of the following is NOT a definition of culture? a. anything that humans create b. a set of beliefs, traditions of practices c. social categories, ideologies, and social representations that a group of people embrace and identify with d. natural environment
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B
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Many restaurants will post a sign saying, "No shirt, no shoes, no service." This is an example of what? a. establishing a shared value b. reinforcement of a cultural norm c. following a cultural script d. a manifestation of material culture
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A
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Which of the following is an example of soft power? a. enduring the worldwide popularity of Michael Jordan b. requiring English texts in immigrant communities in Texas c. the dominance of American military power around the world d. the expansion of American corporations into third world countries