SA: Chapter 2 ~ Drug Use As A Social Problem

24 July 2022
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The U.S. government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands off" approach to government that has been referred to by the term
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*laissez-faire
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The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first U.S. laws regulating what we now call controlled substances. Which of these was NOT one of the three?
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*high profits for drug sellers
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When using a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents, tat is called
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*behavioral toxicity
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Acute drug effects are those that
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*are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body
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Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity?
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*high blood pressure from smoking
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The Drug Abuse Warning Network
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*monitors drug-related medical emergencies
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According to recent DAWN data, which of these substances is near the top of the emergency room visits list?
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*alcohol-in-combination
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What is a Drug Recognition Expert?
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*a police officer trained to recognize drug-related behavioral impairments
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A 2010 analysis of drug-related deaths conducted by the CDC indicates that ___ is responsible for more than half of drug overdose deaths.
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*pharmaceutical drugs
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In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine, it is important to take into account
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*that many more people use marijuana than use cocaine
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DAWN data provides data for all of the following EXCEPT
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*clear measures of the toxicity of individual drugs
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Since the 1990s, HIV transmission rates among intravenous drug users have been reduced from about 50% to about 10%. According to the text, which of these factors led to this decrease?
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*syringe exchange programs
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When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effects, this is called
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*tolerance
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The occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome is evidence of
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*physical dependence
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The drugs with which people are most likely to develop psychological (behavioral) dependence are generally also found to have
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*reinforcing effects in laboratory animals
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The DSM-V does not define addiction as such, but has diagnostic criteria for
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*substance use disorders
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As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research, the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be
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*psychological dependence, based on reinforcement
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Which of these substances has the highest lifetime estimate of dependence?
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*nicotine
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Brain scan studies with drug users
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*so far can only show changes in response to drug administration
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Those who are diagnosed with a personality disorder, such as antisocial personality
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*have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder
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In determining whether using a drug causes people to become criminals, it is important to remember that
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*longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behavior usually occur before the first use of any illicit drug
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Which of the following drugs has been clearly linked to crimes and violence?
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*alcohol
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In an annual study done by the U.S. Justice Department, people arrested for various crimes are given urine tests to detect the presence of drugs. In 2012, about ___ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.
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*between 60-80
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About how many arrests are made in the U.S. each year for drug-law violations?
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*1,500,000
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Rank the following drugs (from highest to lowest) according to the number of
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*cocaine opioids, heroin, antidepressants