Psychology Exam example #72507

13 May 2023
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Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body?
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Endocrine system
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Community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they...
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design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur
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Individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting...
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learned helplessness
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As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of...
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size constancy
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The tendency to develop a positive attitude toward a product that has been advertised repeatedly in the media is referred to as...
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the mere-exposure effect
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Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect the immune system's ability to ward off illness?
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Being around someone who has a serious case of the flu
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The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the...
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hippocampus
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Understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not within view is called...
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object permanence
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The rationale underlying the use of projective personality tests, such as the Rorschach Test and the Thematic Apperception Test, is that they
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reveal the subjects' personalities by eliciting response to vague, ambiguous stimuli
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?
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Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors
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When is it permissible for a psychologist to share a client's test scores with another person?
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When the client provides written permission to share results
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In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using?
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Cognitive
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On individual intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler scales, an IQ of 100 indicates that the test taker...
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scored the average level for test takers of the same age
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Visual acuity is best in the..
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fovea
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An advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy....
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enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique
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The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a...
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scatterplot
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The concept of habituation is best exemplified by which of the following situations?
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A college student is no longer kept awake by her roommate's late night typing
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According to Freudian theory, the component of the personality that is "blind, impulsive, and irrational" is the...
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id
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When a newborn infant is touched on the cheek, the infant will turn its head toward the source of stimulation. This behavior is known as..
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rooting
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The factors chiefly responsible for interpersonal attraction include...
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proximity and similarity
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Which of the following is the best example of shaping?
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A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday
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Staff members at a mental health hospital do not respond to patients who use threats, but praise patients who are courteous. Which of the following psychotherapeutic approaches is being used?
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Behavioral therapy
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Individuals exhibiting a hostile type A personality pattern are at an increased risk for...
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cardiovascular disease
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The reversible figure below illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of....
The reversible figure below illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of....
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figure-ground
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Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following?
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Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions
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In order to yield information that is generalizable to population from which it was drawn, a sample must be..
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representative of the population
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In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in..
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levels of processing
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Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of the neuron?
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The terminal buttons
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A study can be regarded as scientific only if...
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its conclusions can be verified or refuted by subsequent studies
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In a research study, informed consent is a concern of...
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ethics
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A person assembling a tool one week after reading the instructions can remember the first and last steps of the procedure but not the middle ones. This best illustrates which of the following?
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The serial position effect
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A student's test score of 86 is at the 42nd percentile. This means that this student has...
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scored the same as or higher than 42 percent of her fellow students
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A child that learns that spoons are tableware and then correctly calls forks and knives tableware is demonstrating..
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stimulus generalization
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Judy believes that her fate is determined by her own actions. Judy's belief best illustrates..
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an internal locus of control
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All of the following are reasons for requiring clearly specified procedures for the administration and scoring of assessment measures, such as standardized tests, EXCEPT to.
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decrease the amount of time needed to administer the test
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For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
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The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength
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Which of the following behaviors is most closely associated with the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?
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Sutan asks his father for $5, and when he agrees, Sutan asks him for $15 more
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Which of the following is an example of a prelinguistic event?
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Babbling
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Lithium carbonate has been useful in some instances in the treatment of...
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bipolar disorder
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Which of the following best describes the response of members of the American Psychological Association (APA) to ethical issues in research?
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They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants and animal subjects
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Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?
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Positron emission tomography (PET)
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Which of the following definitions of discrimination most directly applies to classical conditioning?
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E
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John B. Watson is best known as the founder of...
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Behaviorism
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Carol Gilligan's critique of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development focuses primarily on...
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differences between males and females in the course of moral development
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An instructor conducted an experiment to determine the effects of two different methods of study on the amount students learned in introductory physics. The results showed that the average amount learned by the group using one method was greater than the average amount learned by the group using the other. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to be drawn?
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There is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance