Psych Final Exam

All of the following are criteria that are used to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal behavior EXCEPT

Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away. He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk. Armand's neighbors have complained about this and he feels embarrassed. Which criteria that define abnormality is applicable in this case?

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered

Abnormal behavior is

Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the

The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.

The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?

Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the to psychological disorders

Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders.

When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ to psychological disorders.

Derek has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Derek's counselor, Mary, believes that Derek's poor relationship with his alcoholic stepfather is a factor that contributed to Derek's psychological disorder. Which of the following theoretical approaches to psychological disorders conforms to Mary's beliefs in this scenario?

What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?

Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model?

The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is true?

Which of the following is a criticism of DSM-5?

Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Which of the following statements will be agreed upon by Mathew?

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.

_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity.

Robert's teacher, Martha, has complained about his behavior on several occasions. According to Martha, Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted. She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature. If Robert were to be taken by his teacher to Dr. Miller, a psychiatrist, he is likely to be diagnosed with

Janet is worried about her son, Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of

A person who regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts is likely to suffer from

All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders, EXCEPT

An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience

An individual who has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months and unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings likely suffers from

Which of the following statements is true of generalized anxiety disorder?

Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless she cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with?

Brad has been in a state of incessant worry for almost half a year now. He has trouble sleeping and breathing. Dr. Simons, a psychiatrist, asks Brad detailed questions about his symptoms and medical history. Brad tells Dr. Simons that he cannot stop worrying and is constantly nervous. Brad also complains of muscular tension and stomach problems. After conducting a quick examination of Brad's symptoms, Dr. Simons discovers that Brad's incessant worry does not have a particular cause, and it has taken a physical toll on Brad's health. Which of the following disorders is Dr. Simons most likely to diagnose Brad with?

Alex has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following, if true, is most likely to have played a role in the development of his disorder?

In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

You are having dinner with your friend who experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Your friend would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from

Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?

John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has

Dr. Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. In the context of psychological disorders, Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with

John often experiences unanticipated attacks of intense fear. During these episodes, he feels like fainting and has trouble catching his breath. John cannot identify the source of his feelings and worries that he might die of heart failure. In the context of psychological disorders, John is exhibiting the symptoms of

Lola often experiences abrupt, brief episodes of overwhelming fear. She does not know what triggers them, but she has these attacks in the grocery store, in busy restaurants, and even while driving. During these attacks, Lola's heart pounds and she has difficulty breathing. She fears that she may go crazy or have a heart attack. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Lola may have

Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?

A fear becomes a phobia when

A man who is so afraid of flying and who would go to any length to avoid flying is most likely experiencing

Alison had sustained severe injuries after being brutally attacked by a mad dog as a child. Following that incident, Alison has been experiencing an overwhelming sense of fear and paralysis every time she sees a dog. The fear is so intense that it keeps Alison from leaving her house. Alison believes that as long as she's inside her house, the chances of encountering a dog are slim. In the context of psychological disorders, Alison is most likely to be diagnosed with

Alfred suffers from an extreme and irrational fear of spiders. His fear is exaggerated and disproportionate to the actual danger he might be in if he did encounter a spider. Alfred's fear of spiders is so intense that he would go to almost any length to avoid coming into contact with them. Alfred is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?

Which of the following statements about specific phobia is true?

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public.

Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder?

The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive

_____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors.

Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she becomes overwhelmed with such dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has

Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes. He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs. If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with

Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with

What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Which of the following statements is true of individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

In the context of OCD-related disorders, an individual with hoarding disorder is most likely to

Diana is afraid to throw things away because she feels that she might need them in the future. Consequently, Diana compulsively collects and stores large quantities of old newspapers, broken crockery, and old clothes. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Diana's excessive acquisition of objects and her inability to discard them are typical characteristics of

Emily is in the habit of picking at her skin every time she feels nervous or anxious. Emily engages in this kind of compulsive behavior to such an extent that she ends up bruising herself in the process. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Emily is most likely suffering from

Each time Harry feels anxious, he compulsively pulls hair from his scalp or eyebrows. This compulsive urge to pull his hair has made him partially bald. Harry is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following OCD-related disorders?

_____ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.

Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance. She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical. This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning. She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolates herself from her friends. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with

All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of

Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characteristics are indicative of

Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following anxiety-related disorders would best apply to this situation?

Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others in a 5-star hotel. He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for two whole days. Since then, Jerome has had trouble sleeping and focusing on his work. Sometimes, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back at the hotel. These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peace of mind. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of

A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is

For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least

It has been over two years since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then, she feels hopeless, and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from

All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT

Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters

Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the _____ factors associated with depression.

Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with

Ever since Kerry lost her job, she has been feeling worthless. It's been more than two weeks now since she slept well. She has lost a lot of weight and keeps thinking about committing suicide. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Kerry is most likely suffering from

Which of the following statements is true of the sociocultural factors involved in depression?

_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

_____ refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic.

Aria has been awake for two nights in a row and still feels highly energetic, and euphoric. The previous day, she quit her job on an impulse and decided to become an actress. In the context of bipolar disorder, Aria is experiencing an episode of

Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of

Dr. Wren is in the process of diagnosing Lily's psychological disorder. After asking Lily a few questions about her symptoms, Lily reveals that she experiences alternating episodes of euphoria and distress. On some days, Lily claims that she feels like she is capable of doing anything in the world. During this phase, she can't sleep; feels restless, and is extremely excitable. On the other days, Lily feels utterly worthless and miserable. During this phase, Lily lies in bed all day and is troubled by morbid thoughts. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Wren is likely to diagnose Lily with

Depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorder is _____.

Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than of _____.

_____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior.

_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

A woman who is in relentless pursuit of thinness for more than six months, so much so that she is starving herself to achieve this goal is exhibiting symptoms of

Jessie, a young American, is obsessed about losing weight. She is paranoid about having calories and often starves herself. Despite being dangerously underweight for her age, Jessie refuses to eat as she is terrified of the possibility of gaining weight. Which of the following disorders best fits the description of Jessie's condition?

_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

_____ is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.

Chronic sore throat, kidney problems, dehydration, gastrointestinal problems, and dental problems are complications commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.

Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from binge-eating disorder, binge eaters are more likely to

_____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.

Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of

Individuals with dissociative disorders have

_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

Which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes.

_____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed

The disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing

A schizophrenic patient hears multiple voices inside his head talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. It can be inferred that the patient is experiencing the symptom of

A schizophrenic patient who falsely believes that he is Jesus Christ is experiencing

The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.

A superficially charming person who is indifferent to the pain of others and has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.