Ch 4 example #80586

Which of the following is an accurate statement about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? a. Most persons diagnosed with acute stress disorder do not eventually develop PTSD. b. Acute stress disorder is diagnosed instead of PTSD if a person's symptoms begin 6 months or more after the traumatic event. c. PTSD occurs in all individuals who experience a traumatic event. d. Acute stress disorder is really PTSD occurring within the first month after the trauma.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about factors affecting treatment for PTSD? a. Medications effective for other anxiety disorders are ineffective with PTSD. b. Re-exposure to the trauma should be accomplished quickly to assure the best therapeutic response. c. Psychoanalytic therapists help patients to relive emotional trauma through a process called free association. d. Victims of PTSD often repress memories of the traumatic event.

In the integrative model of the causes of OCD, anxious apprehension: a. becomes associated with unacceptable thoughts. b. results from biological vulnerability only. c. leads to learned alarms. d. is focused on recurring thoughts.

Jack was involved in a car accident 6 weeks ago in which the driver of the other car was killed. Nightmares of the incident haunt him and interfere with his sleep. He is irritable and has lost interest in his work and hobbies. What is the correct preliminary diagnosis?

Patricia was raped at the age of 17, 30 years ago. Just recently, she has been having flashbacks of the event, difficulty sleeping, and fear of sexual contact with her husband. What is the correct preliminary diagnosis?

____________ are intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges an individual tries to eliminate or suppress

The practices of washing, counting, and hoarding to suppress obsessions and provide relief are ______________.

The lifetime prevalence of OCD is approximately ____.

____________ is a radical treatment for OCD involving a surgical lesion to the cingulate bundle

Which feature differentiates posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from acute stress disorder?

Every morning when he leaves for work Anthony has recurring doubts about whether he locked his front door. He continues thinking about this throughout the day, to the distraction of his work. Anthony is experiencing

When a person believes that thinking about hurting someone is just as bad as actually hurting someone, that person is experiencing:

Judy witnessed a horrific tornado leveling her farm 3 weeks ago. Since then, she's had many flashbacks of the incident, trouble sleeping, and a fear of going outside in storms. What preliminary diagnosis would match this case?_______

Jack was involved in a car accident 6 weeks ago in which the driver of the other car was killed. Since then, jack has been unable to get into a car because it brings back the horrible scene he witnessed. NIghtmares of the incident with his sleep. he is irritable and has lost interest in his work and hobbies. What preliminary diagnosis would match this case?_______

Patricia was raped at the age of 17, 30 years ago. Just recently, she has been having flashbacks of the event, difficulty sleeping, and fear of sexual contact with her husband.What preliminary diagnosis would match this case?_______

__________ is a psychological experience characterized by concern about future events, and _______ is characterized by concern about current circumstances.

Every morning when he leaves for work Anthony has recurring doubts about whether he locked his front door. He continues thinking about this throughout the day, to the distraction of his work. Anthony is experiencing:

Disturbances in mood that are serious enough to impair daily functioning are called _________.

According to Aaron Beck, ______ sets the stage for depression when one faces a personal loss or negative life event.

Every time David enters an airport terminal, he feels lightheaded. His heart races and his stomach hurts. If David has an anxiety disorder, his symptoms would be classified in the _______domain of anxiety

Alex has severe mood swings from extreme elation and hyperactivity to major depression. One moment he feels like he's on top of the world, the next moment he feels suicidal. He is probably suffering from ______.

In the DSM-5, acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder are classified as ______.

The process of pulling isolated negative details from an event and ignoring all the positive details from the same event is know as ______

Joanne is in a very downcast mood. She has a poor appetite, has lost weight, and feels constantly fatigued. She has lost interest in most of her regular activities because they seem like "too much effort" and they no longer give her any pleasure. She seems indifferent to her family and friends and has recurrent thoughts of suicide. She is best described as suffering from ____

Jody is suffering from severe tension headaches and anxiety due to an extremely overwhelming schedule. The most precise term for Jody's physical and emotional reaction is ______.

According to your text, ____ is perhaps the most important predictor of suicide.

A state of unusual elation, energy, and activity is known as ______.

Don suddenly quit his job, enrolled in law school for day classes, took on a job waiting tables at night, and began organizing charity drives on weekends. He also began work on his "great American novel" and offered to coach a little league team in his "spare time." His behavior is typical of someone having a ______.

Martin Seligman developed the ______ theory to explain the cause of depression being based on a person's experiences and failure to learn coping responses

Lindsay has a panic disorder. Along with psychotherapy, she is likely to be prescribed______ medication

Prozac relieves depression primarily by raising levels of ______ in the brain.

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is aroused to deal with threat?

Corinne is plagued by fears that she is going to be "contaminated" by some germ-infested object she happens to touch, then will develop some horrible illness and die. As a result, she engages in elaborate hand-washing rituals. She spends several hours a day at the sink and washes her hands after touching anybody or anything that might have dirt or germs. Her symptoms are most suggestive of ______ disorder

An intrusive, recurrent thought or image that an individual cannot control is known as a(n) ______.

More acculturated Mexican-American college students tend to come from ______socioeconomic backgrounds

.An irresistible, repetitive urge to engage in a specific behavior, usually to relieve anxiety is a (n) ______.

A coping style that attempts to minimize emotional responsiveness rather than deal directly with a stressor is known as ______ coping

For an individual with Acute Stress Disorder, stronger or more persistent symptoms of dissociation around the time of the trauma is associated with a greater likelihood of later development of ________.

Recently, investigators reported that this brain structure ___________was smaller in a group of combat veterans with PTSD than in combat veterans without PTSD (Moreyet al., 2012).

From the learning perspective, the fear component of posttraumatic stress disorder is learned through _____.

In well-designed research studies, medications that enhance serotonin functioning have been found to help patients recover from episodes of depression. Given the realities of the patient uniformity myth, it would be a mistake to conclude that: a. all depressed patients will be helped by these medications b.most depressed patients will be helped substantially by these medications c. medication can be an appropriate treatment for a psychological disorder d. research can help us determine which treatments should be used for specific disorders

What is etiology?

Genetic vulnerability

Recent research suggests that older persons who are lonely are more likely to have significantly elevated blood pressure. It is likely that the blood-pressure differences arise from a stronger feeling among the lonely persons that they are overwhelmed by life demands. This is an example of the: A. benefits of social support B. main effects hypothesis C. appraisal phase D. alarm phase

Two of the most common stress outcomes to significant psychological stress are: A. heart disease and headaches B. weight loss and excessive sleeping C. depression and anxiety D. dependence and learned helplessness

Small problems and demands can add up to make us feel overwhelmed. These small challenges are referred to as: A. predictable events B. daily hassles C. life events D. mini-stressors

The setting for posttraumatic stress disorder to occur follows an experience accompanied by a triad of feelings, including all of the following except : A. horror B. paranoia C. helplessness D. fear

Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display a characteristic set of symptoms including all of the following except : A. numbing of emotional responsiveness B. sudden "flashbacks" in which they relive the traumatic event C. decreased startle response and chronic underarousal D. memories and nightmares of the event

In a study by Kilpatrick et al. (1985) concerning women who had experienced traumatic events, the most profound emotional impact, including suicidal ideation or attempts, occurred following:

Ophelia's home was just destroyed in a hurricane, along with all of her possessions. For several days now she appears dazed and unable to comprehend what happened to her. Her most likely diagnosis is: A. PTSD B. Adjustment Disorder C. Acute Stress Disorder D. Stress Response Disorder

Cory has been overwhelmed by the demands of school and work. His reaction over the last two weeks has been increasing withdrawal, sadness, and low energy. His most likely diagnosis is: A. PTSD B. Adjustment Disorder C. Acute Stress Disorder D. Stress Response Disorder

In regard to the relationship between stress and depression, all of the following statements are true except : A. the context of the life event, as well as its meaning to the individual, is often more important than the nature of the event itself B. an individual's current mood state might distort earlier memories of stressful life events that precipitated the depression C. stressful life events are strongly related to the onset of mood disorders D. recurrent episodes of depression, but not initial episodes, are strongly predicted by major life stress

Regarding the causes of the stress which triggers depression, evidence suggests that: A. the stress, as an environmental variable, arises solely by chance B. the stress is mostly so severe as to be described as traumatic C. a significant portion of the stress may arise from stress-prone persons placing themselves in high-risk stressful situations D. the reported stress is mostly imagined by persons who are already depressed

Continuous secretion of the stress hormone cortisol by the adrenal glands can lead to all of the following except : A. damage to the hippocampus B. impaired functioning of the immune system C. muscle atrophy D. low blood pressure in the cardiovascular system

A longitudinal research study of 200 men (Vaillant, 1979) showed that those individuals who developed psychological disorders or who were highly stressed: A. became chronically ill at a higher rate that those who remained relatively well adjusted B. died at a significantly higher rate than men who remained free from psychological disorders C. both of these D. neither of these

Researchers have discovered significant discrepancies in rates of PTSD among people who lived in cities being bombed during wars and people who were victims of crimes. What conclusion can be drawn from this research? A. Knowing that other people nearby are being hurt is sufficient to develop PTSD B. People who feel they have no control over potential traumas are more likely to develop PTSD C. Close exposure to the trauma seems to be necessary in order to develop PTSD D. Living close to a lot of other people (e.g., in a city. increases chances of developing PTSD)

Risk for developing PTSD is associated with all of the following except : A. the intensity of the traumatic event that the person was exposed to B. a monozygotic twin with a mood disorder and/or substance disorder C. characteristics that predispose the person to the experience of trauma D. early experiences with unpredictable or uncontrollable events

Joan has been having trouble getting up in the morning to go to school. She hasn't felt motivated in weeks, feels tired all the time, and no longer cares about her school work or her friends. Joan's symptoms are consistent with: A) depression B) mania C) normal mood D) dysphoric mania

Debbie cycles through elation for weeks at a time followed by sadness for weeks at a time. This oscillation is typical of what type of mood disorder? A) psychotic B) bipolar C) unipolar D) time limited

Which of the following statements is true about dysthymia and major depression? A)dysthymia is more chronic but less severe than major depression B) dysthymia is more chronic and more severe than major depression C) dysthymia typically has a much later age of onset than major depression D) major depression typically precedes the development of dysthymia

When an individual experiences weight gain, an increase in total sleep time, and sadness that returns each winter (and remits in the spring), the individual's symptoms are consistent with: A)bipolar II disorder B) dysthymia C) bipolar I disorder D) seasonal affective disorder

The lifetime prevalence of what disorder is almost three times higher in women than in men? A) bipolar I B) bipolar II C) dysthymia D) major depression

Each of the following symptoms is considered a "pure" depression symptom except: A) loss of interest B) poor memory C) helplessness D) diminished libido

Which of the following is elevated in depressed individuals? A) dopamine B) cortisol C) norepinephrine D) serotonin

Which theory suggests that depression occurs when individuals believe that they have no control over the circumstances in their lives? A) social learning theory B) theory of equifinality C) learned helplessness D) positive attribution theory

The lifetime prevalence of mood disorders differs between men and women such that: A) many more men experience bipolar disorder than women B) almost 70% of the individuals with major depressive disorder and dysthymia are men C) almost 70% of individuals with major depressive disorder and dysthymia are women D) many more women experience bipolar disorder than men

Selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) work by: A) blocking monoamine oxidase, which breaks down serotonin B) creating an expectation of therapeutic success C) decreasing the production of excess serotonin D) blocking the presynaptic recollection of serotonin

Which of the following explains why some people refuse to take medications to treat their depression or take those medications and stop? A) the medications are in short supply and are unavailable B) the medications cause serious side effects for some people C) the medications work in the short term but not the long term D) the medications don't work for most people

In treating depressed clients, a psychologist helps them think more positively about themselves, about their place in the world, and about the prospects for the future. This psychologist is basing her techniques on whose model of depression? A) Rollo May B) Sigmund Freud C) Aaron Beck

In the United States, for which group are rates of suicide the highest? A) Caucasian men under the age of 25 B) Caucasian women under the age of 25 C) Non-Caucasian men over the age of 65 D) Caucasian men over the age of 65

Treatment for a person with suicidal ideation is likely to focus on: A) resolving underlying life stressors B) teaching problem-solving skills C) treating existing psychological disorders D) all of these

Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe type of depression is called: A) profound depression B) dysthymia C) cyclothymia D) major depressive disorder

The physical or somatic symptoms of a major depressive disorder include: A) decreased ability to concentrate B) increased energy C) orgasmic feelings D) changes in appetite or weight

In mild to moderate cases of depression, 90% will recover from a major depressive episode within 5 years. A) false B) true

In regard to severe cases of major depressive disorder, i.e., those in which the depressive episode has lasted 5 years or more, all of the following statements are accurate except : A) the episode may not entirely clear up, leaving some residual symptoms B) subsequent episodes may be associated with incomplete inter-episode recovery C) the next episode is likely to be manic, rather than depressive D) the likelihood of a subsequent episode is high

The "rapid cycling" specifier is added to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder when a patient has had at least _____ manic or depressive episodes within a year. A) 8 B) 4 C) 2 D) 6

A 35-year-old individual named Manny has recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To provide funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all the money from his bank account and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes in which to put them. When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS, he was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What is your diagnosis of Manny? a. hypomanic episode b. manic episode c. major depressive episode d. postpartum psychosis

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the relationship between anxiety and depression? a. anxiety is often preceded by an episode of major depression b. a core symptom of anxiety is the inability to experience pleasure c. almost all depressed patients are anxious, but not every anxious patient is depressed d. cognitive content (thinking) is more negative in anxious patients than in those with depression

Which of the following symptoms characterize a manic episode? a. feelings of guilt b. loss of energy c. irritability d. anhedonia

An important difference between "major depressive disorder, recurrent" and "major depressive disorder, single episode" is: Which is it not? a. the recurrent type is more common b. recurrent symptoms are more severe c. the single episode type is more common --If someone has one episode, the likelihood of another is significant. d. single episode symptoms are more severe

One of the problems encountered by psychiatrists who prescribe medication for patients with bipolar disorder is that patients often: a. stop taking the medication to bring on a manic state b. overdose on the medication during a severe manic state c. stop taking the medication to bring on a depressive state d. become addicted to the medications during a severe manic state

A student who has been doing very well in her psychology class receives a minor critical comment on an essay that she wrote as part of an exam. The student thinks, "This is terrible. I'm probably going to fail the course." This type of cognitive error in thinking is called: a. splitting b. dissociating c. overgeneralization d. arbitrary inference

_____ focuses on helping depressed clients to resolve problems in existing relationships and form successful new relationships. a. psychodynamic therapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. logotherapy d. interpersonal therapy

In research looking at the biological causes of mood disorders, studies have shown that if one of a set of identical twins has bipolar disorder, the probability that the other twin will have a mood disorder is: a. 60% to 70% b. 30% to 40% c. 10% to 20% d. 90% to 100% Concordance rates are among the highest of psychiatric conditions for bipolar disorder.

The postpartum onset specifier is used to characterize a severe manic or depressive episode with psychotic features that occurs in a woman following: a. menopause b. childbirth c. a hysterectomy d. rape

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following except : a. culturally-induced dependence and passiVity b. sense of uncontrollability and helplessness c. low value placed on intimate relationships d. self-blame for being depressed

Symptoms of severe depression are generally not considered a psychological disorder when they are associated with: a. anxiety b. thoughts of suicide c. a grief reaction d. a manic episode

One symptom of depression is an increase in sleeping. What other symptoms related to sleep occur in depression? a. decreased delta (slow wave) sleep, the deepest stage of sleep b. less intense REM activity c. stages of deepest sleep occurring earlier in the sleep cycle d. slower onset of REM sleep

All of the following are risk factors for suicide except : a. a sense of hopelessness b. previous suicide attempt(s) c. a vague suicidal fantasy without detailed plans d. a shameful or humiliating experience

Which of the following statements about suicide is correct? a. females are more likely than males to die from suicide b. for teenagers, suicide is the third leading cause of death after auto accidents and homicide c. the suicide rate among adolescents in the U.S. is decreasing d. the suicide rate is high among African-Americans but low among Native Americans

Cross-cultural research indicates that due at least in part to appalling social and economic conditions, the prevalence of major depression is extremely high among: a. Native Americans b. African-Americans c. Hispanic-Americans d. Asian-Americans

Which of the following is not true about suicide? a. suicide is not a cause of death for children ages 2 to 5 b. males tend to choose more violent suicide methods than women c. Apache Indians have a suicide rate that is 4 times the national average d. the suicide rate for young men in the U.S. is the lowest in the industrial world

Which of the following does not accurately reflect research findings on the genetic basis of mood disorders? a .the genetic contribution to depression is much higher for men than it is for women b. individuals with bipolar disorder are genetically susceptible to depression and independently genetically susceptible to mania c. the concordance rate for depression in identical twins is much higher than that in fraternal twins d. more severe mood disorders have a stronger genetic contribution than less severe disorders

When used in connection with mood disorders, "flight of ideas" means: a. anxiety about airplane travel b. repression of all creative ideas c. limited imagination reflected in a slow way of speaking d. rapid speech expressing many exciting ideas at once

One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means: a. an inability to experience pleasure b. an altered pattern of sleep c. indecisiveness d. a feeling of worthlessness

Although ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has been a controversial issue for decades, it is an effective treatment for depression, especially when: a. patient response to antidepressant medication is poor b. symptoms of depression are mild c. patients cannot afford antidepressant medication d. a manic-depressive patient is currently experiencing a manic episode

Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the "permissive" hypothesis, which means that: a. low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders b. the absolute levels of neurotransmitters are more significant in mood regulation than the overall balance of the various neurotransmitters c. when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become disregulated and contribute to mood irregularities d. the norepinephrine system regulates serotonin levels; if norepinephrine is low, depression will occur

Children below the age of 9 who experience manic episodes are likely to be mistaken as being: a. inattentive b. anxious c. hyperactive d. depressed

In severe cases of depression where the episode lasts 5 years or longer, how many of these patients can be expected to recover? a. none b. about half c. all d. approximately one-third

In studies of bipolar patients who experience rapid cycling, it has been found that as many as 90% are: a. adolescents b. male c. female d. elderly

According to recent research (Kessler et al., 2003), the percentage of people age 18 to 29 who have already experienced major depression is: a. 10% b. 18% c. 40% d. 25%

In regard to the terms used to differentiated mood disorders, cyclothymic is to dysthymic as: a. Bipolar I is to Bipolar II b. manic is to hypomanic c. major depressive is to bipolar d.bipolar is to major depressive

In regard to mood disorders, which of the following is an accurate statement? a. an individual who has experienced only manic episodes in the past is unlikely to ever become depressed b. an individual experiencing manic symptoms can also be depressed or anxious c. unipolar mania is more common than unipolar depression d. neither manic nor depressive symptoms remit on their own without treatment

. The melancholic specifiers for depressive disorders include all of the following except : a. anhedonia b. weight loss c. loss of libido (sex drive) d. sleeping late and hypersomnia

According to recent research (Kessler et al., 2003; Soloman et al., 1997), the median duration of recurrent (subsequent to the first episode) major depressive episodes is: a. 4 to 5 months b. 11 to 12 months c. 2 months d. 7 to 9 months

Which is the most common of the mood disorders?

How long must a depressive mood last to be considered Dysthymic?

What are the trends regarding MDD?

What predicts a more severe course in MDD?

Marc has high Negative affect and normal positive affect. Does he have anxiety or depression?

Laurie has high negative affect and low positive affect. Does she have anxiety or depression?

Why is misdiagnosis common with Bipolar Disorder?

What symptoms characterize mania (8 listed)?

What is the onset age for bipolar disorder?

What is Dysthymia?

What is cyclothymia?

What are the 3 environmental models for understanding causes of depression.

What is the best treatment for Bipolar Disorder?

Why is ECT the treatment of last resort for Depression?

What percentage of people attempting/completing suicide have a mood disorder?

What are the mood disorders?

Which depressive specifier is characterized by severe somatic features like early morning waking, weight loss, and loss of libido?

What percentage of women get postpartum depression following childbirth?

Leslie finds that every winter she becomes fatigued, excessively sleepy, has a craving for carbohydrates, and puts on weight. In the spring, her symptoms disappear. She is most likely suffering from ______.

Anne had a baby about 10 months ago. Ever since, she has had a poor appetite, been unable to sleep (even when the baby wasn't waking her), poor self-esteem, and has been unable to concentrate for any length of time. She is most likely suffering from ______.

A depressive disorder which develops during childhood or adolescence, involves less severe symptoms than major depression, but has a longer lasting, more chronic pattern of development, and often results in sufferers being seen as "whiny" or "complaining" is ______.

Cognitive theorists argue that depression results from ______.

Sam is depressed. He's been depressed for so long that he no longer believes he can do anything to improve his life or his future. He believes nothing he does will make any difference. Sam has developed ______.

Recent research indicates that ______ can enhance the functioning of bipolar patients.

Ritualistic, repeated actions designed to prevent intrusive thoughts are called: a. Obsessions b. Convulsions c. Compulsions d. Delusions e. Pink elephants

Psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder usually involves: a. Ritual prevention b. Medication c. Exposure to feared stimuli d. Both a and c e. All of the above

T/F Post-traumatic stress disorder, which occurs within the first month after exposure to a stressful event, involves flashbacks, avoidance of objects associated with the event, and symptoms of arousal

T/F1. as a general rule, the more intense the trauma, the more likely it is that an individual will develop post- traumatic stress disorder.

T/F Combat and sexual assault are the most common traumas contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Emily constantly worries about her health. She has been to numerous doctors for her concerns about cancer and other serious diseases, only to be reassured of her well-being. Emily's anxiousness is exacerbated by each small ailment (for example, headaches, or stomach pains) that she considers to be indication of a major illness.

D.J. arrived at Dr. Blake's office with a folder crammed full of medical records, symptom documentation, and lists of prescribed treatments and drugs. Several doctors are monitoring him for his complaints, ranging from chest pain to difficulty swallowing. D.J. recently lost his job for using too many sick days

The primary symptom of hypochondriasis is: a. Fear of developing a disease b. Fear of spreading a disease c. Fear of contact with diseased individuals d. Fear of currently having a disease

Someone who presents with the following symptoms might have hypochondriasis. a. Interpreting momentary flutters in the stomach as a sign of illness b. Reluctance to visit the doctor for fear of having a panic attack c. Enjoyment of the immediate attention received when visiting a doctor. d. Realization that the presence of an illness could qualify the individual for full-time disability benefits

Choose the scenario that best demonstrates a somatization disorder. a. Lisa reports that she has continuous nausea and is unable to work but a medical exam finds no sign of illness. Lisa claims she only feels better when her husband stays home to nurse her. b. Eddie visits 11 different physicians in 6 months but is frustrated that no doctor seems able to make an adequate diagnosis. c. Sherry has physical complaints that have lasted at least 10 years. Her symptoms include pain in her feet, hands and neck; alternating diarrhea and constipation; and difficulty walking. Sherry's physician cannot find any illness to account for these complaints.

Hypochondriasis is related to ______________, whereas somatization disorder is linked to ______________.

Terry complained about feeling out of control. She said she felt sometimes as if she were floating under the ceiling and just watching things happen to her. She also experienced tunnel vision and felt uninvolved in the things that went on in the room around her. This always caused her to panic and perspire.

Undifferentiated somatoform disorder a. Is similar to somatization disorder but with fewer symptoms b. Was included in DSM-III but not DSM-IV c. A and b d. Includes symptoms of somatization disorder and conversion disorder

A blind person is referred to a clinician by an optometrist, who can find no physical evidence for the blindness. The clinician asks the patient to perform a series of visual tasks. Following the assessment, the clinician concludes that her patient is suffering from a conversion disorder. What observation would lead to this conclusion? a. The patient performed at a chance level on the task. b. The patient demonstrated high anxiety during the visual task and performed at the level that chance would predict. c. The patient performed worse than chance on the visual task until given motivation to perform correctly, at which time he performed better than chance would predict

Hypochondriasis focuses on physical sensations and illness. For example, children report the same symptoms as other family members have had. Which of the following IS NOT one of the three other influential factors of hypochondriacs? a. Numerous instances of disease in the family during childhood. b. Having suicidal thoughts or past family during childhood. c. A stressful life event, such as death or illness d. Realizing the benefits of being the ill person.

Which of the following is not characteristic of dissociative disorders? a. Individuals may be highly suggestive b. Treatment may include building coping skills c. Individuals have typically had traumatic childhood experiences d. None of the above

Treatment of conversion disorders a. Follows a family systems model b. Deals with removing secondary gain c. Is supported by Freudian theory. d. B and c

Somatization disorder is very difficult to retreat. Which of the following is not a typical treatment approach for the disorder? a. Reduction of help-seeking behavior b. Reduction of stress c. Traditional psychotherapy d. Reassurance

Dissociative identity disorder has been linked to post-traumatic stress disorder. People suffering from both disorders have usually experienced ______________, as indicated by _______________. a. Severe trauma; results of MMPI assessment b. Childhood abuse; correlation case studies c. Severe trauma; retrospective case studies d. A depressive disorder; inter0rater agreement on DSM-III diagnosis

What is the common link among somatoform disorders? a. In each of the disorders, individuals are pathologically concerned with the appearance or functioning of their bodies b. They all stem from anxiety c. They are a subset of dissociative disorders. d. Both b and c

A central feature of hypochondriasis is a. Interpretation of harmful stimuli as nonthreatening b. Interpretation of almost any physical sensation or symptom as threatening c. A distrust of medical personnel d. More acute physical sensations than someone without hypochondriasis.

What is a major distinction between hypochondriasis and somatization disorder?

Jenna, a recently-married young woman, described episodes of "spacing out." During these episodes, she feels as if she is observing herself from outside of her body. Her experiences seem "dream-like" and she reports feeling completely separated from what is going on around her. It is likely that Jenna is experiencing _____________.

We are interested in prevention. Which of the following people would be most likely to develop hypochondriasis? a. Jacob whose parents died from a rare by serious disease, who was then cared for by overprotective grandparents who were always worried about his "delicate condition." b. Marissa who has a family history of somatoform disorders c. Adrian who is physically susceptible to colds and flu and catches every "bug" that is going around.

T/F somatization disorder is more common in females than in males

T/F Patients suffering from DID tend also to exhibit symptoms of other psychiatric disorders.

T/F Somatization disorder, although rarely diagnosed in a clinical setting, is more common in the population than are eating disorders.

T/F Reassurance therapy is gaining support as the treatment of choice for hypochondriasis.

T/F In depersonalization disorder, an individual experiences a feeling of personal detachment, which predisposes disorganized behaviors and amnesia.

T/F Conversion disorders, like somatization disorder, are more frequently found in women and usually occur during adolescence or after.

T/F1. Only a small percentage of DID patients have also had other disorders, such as substance abuse, depression, borderline personality disorder, anxiety attacks, and eating disorders.

Last week, as he does about every 3 months, Ryan went out with his friends, buying rounds of drinks, socializing until early morning, and feeling on top of the world. Today, Ryan doesn't get out of bed to go to work, see his friends, or even turn on the lights.

Heather has some mood disorder problems in the past, although some days she's better than others. Many days it seems like she has fallen into a rut. Although she manages to get by, she has trouble making decisions because she doesn't trust herself.

T/F1. women are approximately twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with mood disorder.

T/F depression requires some life experience, indicating that babies and young children cannot experience the disorder.

t/f Somatic symptoms characterizing mood disorders are nearly equivalent across cultures.

Bipolar I disorder is characterized by _______, whereas bipolar II is characterized by_______.

Which of the following would not be present during a major depressive episode? a. Changes in appetite and sleeping habits b. Anxiety c. Anhedonia d. Grandiosity (mania)

Cyclothymic disorder a. May be specified as a subtype of schizoaffective disorder b. Includes both hypomanic and depressive symptoms c. Includes symptoms of mania and hypomania d. Cannot be diagnosed in childre

Depressed people a. Exhibit erratic REM patterns over the course of several nights b. Begin REM sleep earlier than do non-depressed people c. Experience intense REM activity, but may not reach the stages of deepest sleep. D. B and C

bipolar disorder a. Appears to occur independent of external events b. May be triggered by a traumatic event and maintained through some psychological mechanism c. Is seen in a majority of adults who experienced sever early childhood trauma Is diagnosed most frequently in geographic areas of extreme temperatures

Feelings of depression

what is the most common experience of depression

Which of the following people are experiencing symptoms of a manic episode? a. Lorraine has inflated self-esteem and grandiosity b. Tevon is irritable and is experiencing flight of ideas c. Valerie suddenly goes on an excessive spending spree which she clearly cannot afford d. All of the above

Dysthymic disorder shares many of the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but differs in that a. Symptoms tend to be somewhat milder b. Symptoms tend to be of short duration c. Symptoms tend to be longer duration d. A and B e. A and C

1. __________ is the only country that has a higher suicide rate for women than for men.

Research on bulimia nervosa suggests that it most often occurs with: a. Anxiety disorders b. Mood disorders c. Psychotic disorders d. Substance use disorders

What appears to be the main cause of anorexia and bulimia? a. Perfectionistic mothers b. Sociocultural factors c. Genetic predisposition d. Malnutrition

Which of the following is not necessary for a diagnosis of bulimia? a. Binge eating b. Sense of a lack of control of eating during binges c. Purging d. All are necessary symptoms

The hormone melatonin a. Is responsible for determining skin color b. Can be effective in resetting circadian rhythms c. Is produced by the hippocampus d. B and C

When treating anorexia, you should remember that a. Initial weight gain is a good indication of responsiveness to treatment b. Dysfunctional thoughts must be altered, which can be a difficult process c. Since the family is usually the major cause of the disorder, it should be excluded in therapy. d. It is relatively easy to motivate those suffering from anorexia to gain weight.

Individuals who experience marked distress due to binge eating, but don't engage in extreme compensatory behaviors, would meet the diagnostic criteria for________. a. Bulimia b. Binge-eating disorder (BED) c. Anorexia d. Rumination disorder

Psychological treatment for OCD usually involves: a. ritual prevention b. medication c. exposure to feared stimuli d. both a and c e. all of the above

Women are approximately_____ as likely as men to be diagnosed with mood disorder.

Which of the following would not be present during a major depressive episode? a. changes in appetite and sleeping habits b. anxiety c. anhedonia d. grandiosity (mania

Cyclothymic disorder a. may be specified as a subtype of schizoaffective disorder b. includes both hypomanic and depression symptoms c. includes symptoms of mania and hypomania d. cannot be diagnosed in children