Psych 001 Quiz 12

14 April 2023
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question
Which of the following statements about Carl Rogers's theory of personality is FALSE?
answer
Rogers strongly advocated permissive parenting to help create psychologically healthy children.
question
Five-year-old Sam begins to cry when he discovers that his pet turtle has died. His father scolds Sam for crying and says, "Big boys don't cry." According to Carl Rogers, because Sam's father is using _____, Sam is likely to _____ his feelings of sadness in the future
answer
conditional positive regard; deny
question
Your subjective belief about your ability to meet the demands of a particular situation is called:
answer
self-efficacy.
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According the five-factor model of personality, the Big Five traits are:
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neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
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In Freud's theory, which component of personality is present at birth and is completely unconscious?
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the id
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Sigmund Freud is to _____ as Carl Rogers is to _____.
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psychoanalytic; humanistic
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Your sense of conscience corresponds to which component of personality in Freud's theory?
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superego
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Ego defense mechanisms:
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distort thoughts or perceptions of reality.
question
Although he stayed calm during the conversation, Mark was angry as he left Professor McArthur's office because he felt he had been treated unfairly. A short while later, Mark snapped at a fellow student who asked if she could borrow his notes. Which ego defense mechanism best accounts for Mark's behavior toward the other student?
answer
displacement
question
Because her baby seemed to enjoy putting so many things in his mouth, Jessica provided the infant with many different kinds of pacifiers and chewable toys. According to Freud's theory, Jessica is running the risk of producing _____ at the _____ psychosexual stage of development.
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fixation; oral
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According to Carl Rogers's theory of personality, a person is highly motivated to act in a way that is consistent with:
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his or her self-concept.
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Humanistic theories of personality have helped promote the scientific study of:
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creativity and the healthy personality.
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According to Albert Bandura, what is the best way to strengthen your sense of self-efficacy in a particular realm of behavior?
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through observational learning and mastery experiences
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A trait is formally defined as a(n):
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relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way.
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According to _____ model of personality, personality can be defined in terms of five basic dimensions.
answer
the five-factor
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Brain imaging studies of the Big Five personality traits have found that _____ is associated with larger brain tissue volume in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a region that is associated with sensitivity to rewarding stimuli.
answer
extraversion
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Which definition reflects Freud's view of the id?
answer
the irrational component of personality that seeks immediate gratification
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Which of the following personality theorists emphasized unconscious motives?
answer
Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
question
When Carol was eight years old, her mother died. As an adult, Carol has no memories of attending her mother's funeral. Which ego defense mechanism in Freud's theory would best account for the fact that Carol has no memories of this upsetting event?
answer
repression
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Reaction formation is an ego defense mechanism that involves:
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behaving in a way that is the extreme opposite of unacceptable urges or impulses.
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According to Freud's theory, the Oedipus complex:
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is the child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent.
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According to Freud, the sexual urges of children during the latency stage of psychosexual development:
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become repressed, and the child prefers to play with same-sex friends.
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Who were the neo-Freudians?
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a group of personality theorists who recognized the importance of many of the basic principles of Freudian psychoanalytic theory but went on to develop their own personality theories
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Jung was the first to describe the basic characteristics of which of the following personality types?
answer
he introvert versus the extravert
question
Which psychologists made important contributions to the humanistic perspective on personality?
answer
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers